Finance practice - 1377 Words

MGF402 Homework 3 Due date: Thursday October 31st 1. Calculate EAR and APR for the following questions. a. You have an APR of 7.5% with continuous compounding. What is the EAR? b. You have an EAR of 9%. What is the equivalent APR with continuous compounding? c. The buyer of a new home is quoted a mortgage rate of 0.5% per month. What is the APR on the loan? d. A loan for a new car costs the borrower 0.8% per month. What is the EAR? Answer: a. 1 + EAR = e ­Ã‚ ­APR = EAR = eAPR - 1 = e.075 - 1 = 7.79% b. 1 + 9% = eAPR = Ln(1.09) = Ln(eAPR) = APR APR = Ln(1.09) = 8.62% c. 0.5% x 12 = 6% d. (1.008)12 - 1 = 10.03% 2. Treasury bills are paying a 4% rate of return. A risk-averse investor with a risk†¦show more content†¦The T-bill rate is 7%. 7. Your client chooses to invest 70% of a portfolio in your fund and 30% in a T-bill money market fund. a. What is the expected return and standard deviation of your client’s portfolio? b. Suppose your risky portfolio includes the following investments in the given proportions. Stock A 27% Stock B 33% Stock C 40% What are the investment proportions of your client’s overal portfolio, including the position in T-bills? c. What is the reward-to-volatility ratio (S) of your risky portfolio and your client’s overal portfolio? d. Draw the CAL of your portfolio on an expected return/standard deviation diagram. What is the slop of the CAL? Show the position of your client on your fund’s CAL. Answer: a. E[rC] = .7 x 17% + .3 x 7% = 14% ÏÆ'C =Show MoreRelatedFinance Practice1024 Words   |  5 PagesFinance Practice Assessment 1. Frisch Fish Corp expects net income next year to be $600,000. Inventory and accounts receivable will have to be increased by $300,000 to accommodate this sales level. Frisch will pay dividends of $400,000. How much external financing will Frisch Fish need assuming no organically generated increase in liabilities? A. No external financing is required. B. $100,000 C. $200,000 D. $300,000 2. Under normal conditions (70% probability), Financing Plan ARead MorePractice Problems on Finance1085 Words   |  5 Pages1. Stiles Corporation issues a new series of bonds on January 1, 1982. The bonds were sold at part ($1000), had a 12% coupon, and matured in 30 years, on December 31, 2011. Coupon payments are made semiannually (on June 30 and December 31). a) What was the YTM on January 1, 1982? - Explain b) What was the price of the bonds on January 1, 1987, 5 years later, assuming that interest rates had fallen to 10%? (Show in equation form, plug all the relevant numbers and without calculation, say whetherRead MoreFinance and Accounting: Practice Problems4710 Words   |  19 PagesAIS 301 Final Exam Review Note: This hand-out is designed to provide additional review materials for your exam. 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Financial practice along with further academic examinations have strongly relied on it outcomes (Roll, 1997). Despite inconsistencies, like behavioural forces, it was not rejected. Some financers has started a debate about deceptive influence of EMH on traders. They

Video Games They Are Not All Bad - 580 Words

Every form of media has issues with violent behavior. Just like with people nothing is out of sight of controversy. In the past it was books and television that was linked to violent behaviors children, in the society of today it is video games that are now being linked to violent behavior. While playing games may have negative effects it can also have positive effects? So is it ethical to always turn to video games when a violent act has occurred? First looking at racing games are being attacked for dangerous driving. Though while playing those games no rules really apply and the player can do anything the game allows them to do. There have been times when those types of games have help people in dangerous situations. In august a young boy at the age of 10 and his younger brother were in a car with their grandmother. While the car was in motion the grandmother passed out leaving the two boys to try to save themselves. The 10 year old boy took control of the car and was able to get off the side of the road after the incident had happened it was made clear that he plays Mario kart and took what had gathered form that game to help save the life of both himself, his brother and grandmother from something that could have gotten them severely hurt or killed. In cases these types of games can help save lives and can even help with reaction when responding to situations like that on the road that could have had high speeds quick reaction times are needed when the sceneShow MoreRelatedEssay Do Violent Video Games Cause Bad Behavior?1373 Words   |  6 PagesEver since the video game was invented many years ago, violent, bloody games have existed also. Some include killing zombies, shooting people, and fighting that ends in either someone dying or being hurt. The outcome remains the same, and a select few continue to live out these games throughout their daily life. 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III-All of my life, I’ve been a huge geek when it came to videogames. It helped me cope with life and just like was sort of an escape from reality for me, like games such as Crash Bandicoot, Spyro the Dragon, Pokà ©mon Red and BlueRead MoreVideo Games Affecting Youth1177 Words   |  5 Pagesspend most of their time playing video games and this could reflect a negative role in a child’s bad behaviors. Nearly all children, especially in the United States, have or have had a video game console or some type of electronic device that contain video games. Video games in general are not to be blamed but a certain category that majority of the gamers play is called violent video games. Adolescents and children are revealed to violent games could have a bad influence which should be controlledRead MoreEssay on Are Video Games Really A Major Issue for This Generation?528 Words   |  3 Pagesnot think of is video games. Most people are one sided, either seeing the medias por tray as fun and playful or a danger to your kids and the cause of our generations laziness. What most people dont realize is how the smaller factors of our everyday lives, leisurely activities such as video games, is a massive part to these even greater issues that make up the world today. News about video games today are not the most positive. They are plastered with words that depict video games as violent,Read MoreDo Video Games Cause Bad Behavior Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesviolent video games cause bad behavior. This topic has been researched for almost 30 years and there are still major opinion differences. Many psychologists say violent video games do cause bad behavior, and claim that games such as Manhunt, Grand Theft Auto, and Modern Warfare, desensitize people to violence, making it a norm in society. 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The Union Reconstructed Free Essays

1. Explain how blacks responded to their former masters after the Civil War had ended. After the Civil War had ended, blacks responded to their former masters in two different ways. We will write a custom essay sample on The Union Reconstructed or any similar topic only for you Order Now They would either return to their former masters for work and every time they would leave the plantation they would go farther claiming they didn’t want to stay on the plantation forever. This caused them to continue to have communication with their former masters and never completely became independent. The second response was they would chose to become entirely independent to their masters. They would seek work in the city and began their new free lives. Often times they all struggled but they were now free. 2. Compare the economic conditions of the South with the economic conditions of the North during the period of Reconstruction. The economic conditions of the South compared to the North during the period of Reconstruction varied quite heavily. The South was limited in many ways after the war and had little to expand and prosper where as the North had everything from political power to trade. They made it so the South could not have much political power which in turn affected them economically. These limitations came from the fear of a repeated war due to the fact that there was still much conflict occurring within the country because of matters of freed slaves and other things. 3. Discuss how southern whites reacted to the emancipation of blacks during the period of Reconstruction. After the emancipation of blacks during the period of Reconstruction, southern whites had responses of both fear and anger. They could not imagine their world without slaves in bondage, often they felt it a hassle doing chores they normally didn’t do. This lead to the feelings of anger, due to their dependency on the slave labor they were now confused and society needed to adapt in order to function once again. In some cases though the slaves had become a part of the home and the white people would miss them as a family member, often times distraught. Aside from these things, a majority of whites began to be fearful of legal intermarriage, dreading the fact that the pure white race would be destroyed. 4. Discuss President Johnson’s plan for reconstruction and Congress’s response to that plan. President Johnson’s plan for reconstruction was simply to pardon and restore all the rights of property to any former Confederate who swore allegiance to the Constitution and the Union. With this he believed he had successfully reconstructed the south and did not do much more. With this they looked to ratify the thirteenth amendment to abolish slavery. With this plan all southern states completed the Reconstruction plan and then sent representatives to the Congress that occurred in December 1865. Congress refused to seat these new senators and a large controversy out broke. 5. Describe the general attitude of the Union soldiers stationed in the South during Reconstruction toward blacks. Support your answer by citing specific incidents that occurred during that period. The attitude of the Union soldiers stationed in the South during Reconstruction towards the blacks was quite in different. They just worked to keep them in control and try to transition them from slavery to freedom. In many cases they would treat them as inferior but as well never got as bad as their former masters. They were just making attempts to help the society function. Whether they were successful is a different story. But they tried and eventually had the communities put together like a white community. 6. Discuss Congress’s plan for reconstruction and explain what Congress hoped to achieve as a result of that plan. Congress’s plan for reconstruction mainly revolved around completely freeing the black communities. They created the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments to protect the black community and restricted the power of the executive branch. They were making decision that would benefit them in the long run. They would gain the black vote and be capable of gaining more power. So they limited the power of the former Confederates and attempted to have everything in their favor. 7. Discuss the economic conditions of poor blacks and poor whites during the period of Reconstruction. The economic conditions of poor blacks as well as whites differed. They both struggled financially due to crop shortages and other such things. However the blacks also were being aided by the Bureau of Freedom. They northern financed organization was created in order to help newly freed blacks to get on their feet. They helped them financially and helped with education. However they also in a sense forced blacks to accept low paying jobs when they didn’t want to. Even with this though they helped to get the blacks going in society. 8. Was the Republican administration that controlled the southern state governments during the period of Reconstruction a success or failure? The Republican administration that controlled the southern state governments during the period of Reconstruction was more of a success than it was a failure. They were able to stabilize the south in this time. They eliminated undemocratic features from prewar state constitutions as well as provided a universal male suffrage. They even loosened the requirements for holding office. They reconstructed the South financially and physically by overhauling tax systems and approving generous railroad and other capital investment bonds. With these accomplishments as well they set up a public school system in the south and stabilized it quite well. 9. Discuss the methods by which conservative white Democrats regained control of the southern state governments at the end of Reconstruction. The methods by which conservative white Democrats regained control of the southern state governments were very passive. They came in when the Republican Party had already begun to fail and economic problems began to surface. The Democrats began to discuss the new Grant scandals, unemployment and public works projects. To add to that they also discussed the currency and tariffs in order to show important issues. Discussion of these matters showed an interest in the country whether it was there or not and allowed the Democrats to win the popular vote. How to cite The Union Reconstructed, Essay examples

Assess the Most Important Constitutional free essay sample

New Labour came into power on May 1st 1997 and pledged to undertake the most radical shift in constitutional arrangements which would reform British constitution. Majority agree that this was a momentous period of constitutional change, arguably the most important period of constitutional change in Britain since the introduction of universal suffrage. However others think that it was too radical, too unplanned and too unfinished. By the end of its first term (1997-2001), the Balir government had enacted a substantial reform programme. One reform introudced after 1997 was devolution. The centrepiece of Labour’s programme of constitutional reform was undoubtedly this. Referendums had been held in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland regading whether they should have their own Parliaments and devolved government. Devolution will almost certainly have an impact on the wishes of the people who live there to see complete independence for their country. Once devolution had been granted, complete independence would see an opportunity to point out how good that country is at self-government. It would also lead a renewed push for independence it is better for Scotland and Wales as they get to run a minority themselves without so much interference by our incompetent government. In Scotland’s first year it passed eight bills into acts and eleven bills were going through the parliamentary process. Therefore, in 12 months 19 issues relating to Scotland were either finalised or going through the process of being accepted or not. On average, the House of Commons passed one or two acts a year that directly related to Scotland. In this sense, the Scottish Parliament has been very successful as they managed to set things straight. One of the major arguments against devolution is that it will be the start of the break-up of the United Kingdom; that from small beginnings (if devolution can be seen as ‘small’) the ultimate fate of this country will be regional authorities with more devolved power in the counties – this may appeal to those who want more authority in counties like Cornwall, but many see this as the start of the break up of the United Kingdom with a massive loss of central authority. Another reason as to why it can be seen as unsuccessful is that for the Scottish, they are not allowed to interfere with English laws apart from those that concern them, for example agriculture and education. This can be seen as unfair because the British can make amendments to Scottish laws, this may lead to another reason why the Scottish should have their independence. Overall it can be seen as a success for parts of England as they were entitled to independence. In a 1997 poll, people in Scotland were asked whether they felt they were Scottish or British. They answered as followed that 63% indicated that they felt that they were Scottish or more Scottish than British. This would fit in with the Marshall model – those who felt that they were Scots would wish for their own Parliament. So it accomplished the wishes of the Scots making it a success for the Scottish population. Another reform introduced after 1997 was the Human Rights Act (1998). The Human Rights Act was implemented in 2000 but was the basic rights that each human being is entitled to, for example, fundamental rights, procedural rights and qualified rights. Some people may find this unnecessary as it is common sense to know what rights you are entitled to and that having it printed as an act could debatably have been a waste of time and the act could have just been uncodified. On the other hand people can say that the Human Rights act was very successful as it made adamant about what our rights are as humans. It helped to promote diversity as it outlined equal opportunities, regardless of colour. It promoted togetherness, hence there would be equity and equality so it introduced diversity means peace and no prejudice / discrimination or violent acts against those with different colour. It also helped vulnerable people who needed protection; it stopped them from being exploited as they knew what rights they were entitled to. The Human Rights Act of 1998 overall was a success due to the fact that it finally guaranteed basic human right for the British people and led to a protection and recognition of individuals rights. New Labour introduced another reform in 1999 which was A Freedom of Information Act. This act was an Act of Parliament that creates a public right to access to information held by public authorities. This can be seen as a positive aspect of the constitutional change as it prevents the government from being too secretive. The revelations about MPs expenses would not have been available to the Daily Telegraph had the parliamentary authorities not been preparing a document for FOI release; and there have been many other disclosures that have served to highlight stories many would wish to hide – such as Princes Charless black spider memos to government ministers. December 1997 the government issued a White Paper entitled ‘Your Right to Know’ which stated that ‘unnecessary secrecy in government leads to arrogance and defective decision- making’. This shows that it was successful because the public can see what is happening with the people who are meant to be representing their constitutions. For some, they would argue the fact that passing the act wasn’t a success as it is seen to be a waste of time and money, with requesters complaining that important information is all too often redacted. Or that it is withheld by authorities who are keenly aware of the news value of the material they hold. They could argue that sometimes information is simply lost for three or even four years in a slow appeals process as the information commissioners office is swamped with cases. From this a conclusion can be drawn that it wasn’t a success due to the wastage of money and time when things are purposely delayed. Overall it can be said that the passing of this act has been a success due to the fact that information can be revealed however something’s take time to come out within the process. Reform of the House of Lords had long been on Labour Party agendas and had plagued British politics for a hundred years, with relatively progress achieved until recently. The problem had been that historically it has been a largely hereditary and non-democratic Chamber. New Labour decided to take power away from those who were born into it and govern it to people who have earned it. This would have been good in the public eye as it would indicate that exceptional people who have been selected will serve in the House of Lords. However, the reform was left unfinished and the intention was that the initial changes would only be miniscule. The Labour Government’s proposal for a partly appointed, partly selected chamber was widely ‘rubbished’ and they handed the issue over to a committee of both houses. But they failed to come up with an acceptable alternative and the issue remains unresolved. So, the reform was mainly unsuccessful due to that it was incomplete†¦If many British people can accept that to be a royal you have to either marry or be born into it then it should have been understandable for Lords to be born into Lordship. Nevertheless, it was fair to stop hereditary lords. In conclusion as to what was the most important constitutional change introduced in UK since 1997; devolution was by far the most influential, radical and valued reform. It changed how the country is governed and it definitely had a massive impact upon the Scottish population. It signaled that the Scottish are not English and that they now have their own identity. Many people believe that the change was overdue and much needed. Devolution has given more say to the regions and made them happier with their places in the UK.

Never Trust A Man Who Wears Sunglasses At Night Essays - Dragaera

Never Trust A Man Who Wears Sunglasses At Night Vlad was dressed in his usual outfit of black denim jeans,? black silk shirt and sunglasses even though it was 12:00 am, well after dark. He had one thought on his mind, make the meeting on time. As he walked, he recalled the circumstances leading up to his midnight stroll. He had been contacted in the usual way. When he woke up that morning, he had seen a yellow chalk mark across the road on an adjacent building. It would seem someone had need of his specialized services. He certainly hoped so because money was tight at the moment. The yellow mark meant that he had a potential customer and should meet him/her in Central Park at 2:00 am. He was already moving two hours early...always get to the meeting first. Always be sure the area is safe. Always be sure its a customer you're meeting and not the police. He made his way towards the meeting place, stopping only twice. Once, to kick a stray cat he saw walking in front of him. Once, to grab a bottle of Jack Daniel's from the hands of a wino, take a few swallows and throw the bottle away. He finished his initial search of Central Park and found nothing unusual. he completed his second search of the area, again finding nothing out of the ordinary. Now the waiting began. Vlad was experienced in waiting, one had to be in this profession. exactly a black car rolls into the park. Punctual, Vlad thought, a good sign. Vlad watched as two men emerged from the front seat. Both men had large bulges under their arms. High caliber handguns Vlad thought, very nice, very efficient, very professional. The two man walked to the side of the car, one surveying the area, the other slowly opened the rear passenger door. A tall man in an expensive suit, Brooks Brothers, if Vlad wasn't mistaken, and Vlad rarely was. The man appeared calm as he began his wait. At 2:15 Vlad emerged from his hiding place to "greet" his visitors. No one heard him approach. When he appeared the two men reached for their weapons, Vlad was faster. By the time the two men's hands were just reaching into their jackets, Vlad had already drawn, and was aiming his own revolver at them. Laughing, Vlad said "come on boys, no need for those". Addressing the man in the well dressed suit, he said, "why don't you ask your friends to take a walk? The well dressed man smiled, waved his hand, dismissing his bodyguards and said, "they said you were the best"! Vlad replied "that's what I'm paid for". "Ah yes speaking of being paid", the man reached into his pocket for something, Vlad could barely restrain himself from blowing the man away, but he thought that would be bad for business. The well dressed man's hand emerged from his jacket holding a fat, white, unmarked envelope. He tossed the envelope. Vlad caught it deftly in one hand, still keeping his gun trained on the man in front of him. Vlad opened the envelope and saw two large bundles of hundred dollar bills. Also included, was a scrap of paper with a name scribbled on it. The man was watching Vlad intently, as Vlad seemed to ponder something. After a few seconds pause, Vlad said "I accept". Upon hearing these two words the well dressed man re?entered his car, waited for his bodyguards to rejoin him and left. Vlad returned to his building, waited for the elevator and went up to his apartment. Now that he had landed a job he had preparations to begin. After unlocking his door, he replacing the thin piece of hair he kept on the door to know if the door had been disturbed, he went to his bedroom. Vlad looked at his watch, six hours until show time. He pried a loose floor board up from under his bed, revealing a battered looking briefcase. Vlad took hold of the briefcase, lifted it out of the floor and replaced the board. After opening the case, he methodically checked and cleaned the contents. Once he was satisfied that all was in order, he repacked the case. Next, he went to his closet. He decided on a very ordinary looking black blazer, matching pants, and of course, his trademark sunglasses. Vlad smiled as the old adage "All dressed up and nowhere to go" flashed through his mind. "Oh well", he exclaimed "no

Francis Bacons Classic Essay of Studies

Francis Bacons Classic Essay of Studies Francis Bacon, the first major English essayist, comments forcefully in Of Studies on the value of reading, writing,  and learning. Notice Bacons reliance on parallel structures (in particular, tricolons) throughout this concise, aphoristic  essay. Then, compare the essay to Samuel Johnsons treatment of the same theme more than a century later in On Studies. The Life of Francis Bacon Francis Bacon is considered a Renaissance man. He worked as a lawyer and scientist throughout his life (1561-1626.)  Bacons most valuable work surrounded philosophical and Aristotelian concepts that supported the scientific method. Bacon served as an Attorney General as well as Lord Chancellor of England and received his education from several universities including Trinity College and the University of Cambridge. Bacon has written over 50 essays beginning with Of in the title and following the concept, such as Of Truth, Of Atheism and Of Discourse. A few interesting facts about Bacon: Bacons uncle was the Lord Keeper for Queen Elizabeth I. He helped symbolize the approvals for key documents.He is known as the father of the scientific method which was influenced by his own Baconian method based on reason and observation.There are rumors that Bacon was mostly attracted to men, due to his late marriage in life, amongst other ​theories. Interpretations of Of Study Bacons essay expresses several comments in Of Studies that can be interpreted as the following: Studying is helpful for better understanding and provides a knowledge that develops experience, as well as  a character that grows.Reading provides delight and fun, ornament and showing off, and the ability for success.Bacon expanded upon different fields of study depending on ones goal; for example, to master clarity with language, study poetry. Of Studies Excerpt by Francis Bacon* Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric a ble to contend. Abeunt studia in mores [Studies pass into and influence manners]. Nay, there is no stone or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores [splitters of hairs]. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt. * Bacon published three editions of his essays (in 1597, 1612, and 1625) and the last two were marked by the addition of more essays. In many cases, they became expanded works from earlier editions. This is the best-known  version of the essay Of Studies, taken from the 1625 edition of  Essays or Counsels, Civil and Moral. Below, for the sake of comparison, is the version from the first edition (1597). Studies serve for pastimes, for ornaments, for abilities; their chief use for pastimes is in privateness and retiring; for ornaments in discourse; and for ability in judgment; for expert men can execute, but learned men are more fit to judge and censure. To spend too much time in them is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar; they perfect nature, and are themselves perfected by experience; crafty men contemn them, wise men use them, simple men admire them; for they teach not their use, but that there is a wisdom without them and above them won by observation. Read not to contradict nor to believe, but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested: that is, some are to be read only in parts, others to be read but curiously, and some few to be read wholly with diligence and attention. Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready, and writing an exact man; therefore, if a man write little, he had need of a great memory; if he confer little, he had need of a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not know. Histories make wise men; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.

The Yellow Wallpaper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Yellow Wallpaper 2 - Essay Example The lady never questioned her husband’s decision and followed his instructions but only to experience a worst possible fate a human can ever imagine (Gilman, 1892). The story tells about how females are guided and literally ruled over by their husbands. The women have remained suppressed in all parts of the world as they were unable to take charge of the life that they had been blessed with by the God himself. Additionally, the choice made by the husband aggravated the issue because the wife fell into the belief that she was trapped into the room and her belief translated into a presence of woman who was trapped into the yellow wallpaper. The wife considered it as her duty to free the trapped woman as she cannot free herself. The will to help others had always remained a great motivational force for humans and the objective of freeing a woman in the wallpaper gave the sense of direction to the lady. Once she freed the woman in the picture then, she lost the purpose of life and therefore, she completely succumbed to her mental condition. The message of the story is simple and easy to understand, if only one is committed and willing to do that. The best way to help is to let the sufferer make his or her choices as freely as possible. The human is the most sophisticated piece of machinery ever built. People have a physical life and a psychological one as well. The apparent satisfaction does not mean that a person is contented from the inside. The meaningless compliance means that a pile of un-served needs and wants is gathering and it is usually the matter of time before a person becomes mentally impaired by carrying the burden in the inside. The wife was happy from the outside but she was sorrowful on the inside and finally, the sadness got better of the apparent happiness and she started doing what she wanted and what she can. The action was simple as it involved crawling around the room but it

Establishing a continuing business model innovation process Essay

Establishing a continuing business model innovation process - Essay Example Nevertheless, before the hurricanes hit, the trends were rather positive and some economists argue that the economy will smooth into the recovery phase with growth of demand and overall production. The GDP growth is attributable mainly to the structural productivity growth though the employment rates were revealing job losses over the country. The main target of the national banks in different countries is to precisely monitor the affect of inflationary pressure and low interest rates on the employment and GDP development. Another point of concern in the longer term is the growing rate of federal expenditure on health and retirement programs and in case of larger debt service to GDP the economy will be hit tremendously. To summarize, the outlooks are positive in the short term for production companies not heavily dependant on oil and gas prices, and is more favorable in the long term with certain risks being in place nevertheless. Company managers should strive their best to implement energy saving strategies in order to cut down the value of this cost variable within their overall cost structure and should rush to invest as much as possible into new products which could be de livered to the market very soon. Alan Greesley decided not to give any precise outlook for the economy development in the long term due to increasing baby boomers retiring factor, huge oil and gas prices and no precise way to estimate the path through mechanism of higher interest rates and inflation. The policy makers should invest as much as possible now to implement technology innovations to provide cost reduction methodologies. Keeping the US quality, this will guarantee it competitive position in the markets. The economy must go through reformation which is happening now. The gross domestic product growth depends on the demand and the ability of consumers within the economy to realize their demand for specific products. The demand for the product depends on the utility function of this product and how much utility the product can provide to the customer. The utility of the product is the tradeoff of the qualities of the specific product in return of the quality and ability of this good to satisfy specific consumer needs. The demand of the product is the price sensitive and the good is considered normal if the demand for this product rises if the price falls. On the other hand, demand falls with rising price when the utility function is at its' break point and the utility provided to the customer from purchasing this product is less than the price to be paid for it. Price sensitivity of the product depends on the amount of substitutes available to the customers. In case of few substitutes available and the product being a normal product, the demand will grow with the falling price and visa versa. On the other hand, if the product is normal but there are several substitutes to this product, or the products different in some qualities but providing the same function to the customer, up to certain specific preference point, the customer will be choosing this product and then will switch to another one. For example, with the expectations of growing demand in the short term and falling in the long

The growth performance of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The growth performance of China - Essay Example Although, Globalization and liberalization policies were the brain child of the capitalist countries like U.S and UK, China seems to be the number one exploiter of globalization which helped them immensely in achieving tremendous economic growth. This paper analyses the economic growth performances of China. â€Å"During 1997–2005, the PRC’s average annual growth rate in real GDP was 8.9%. During the forecast period of 2005–2010, it was assumed that the PRC continued its historical growth trend of 8.9% per year† (Mai et al, 2010, p.5) (See appendix for more details). China is able to continue or sustain their economic growth even with the help of some unbelievable polices. In fact China has rewritten some of the established economic principles. For example, BACK,(2010) mentioned that â€Å"in any other major economy where growth had accelerated as quickly as China's, higher interest rates would seem inevitable. But in China, authorities have been reluctan t to raise rates† (Back, 2010). In other words, according to traditional economic principles, a country should increase the interest rates when they feel that that their economy is overheated because of over economic exercises. But China did nothing to cool down the over activities in economic sector and kept the interest rates at a lower level until now. Even though economists have some concerns about the over activities in Chinese economic sector and the low interest rates, no big problems were reported so far from China. â€Å"Still, the government isn't dramatically cutting state-supplied credit. This year's loan target, although down considerably from last year, is still more than 50% higher than that of 2008† (Roberts, 2010). Another interesting tactics which helped the economic progress of China is the mass production of consumer goods. When most of the other nations tried to increase the profit by increasing the prices of their products, China did entirely the o pposite thing. They reduced the prices of their commodities and succeeded in selling more goods in international markets than any other countries. Thus they were able to counter the negative effects of price reduction with the help of bulk production and selling. Mai et al (2010) have pointed out that â€Å"the PRC’s exports increase by about 46%and imports by about 45% relative to their respective baseline levels in 2010. Imports and exports of all commodities and services rise relative to their baseline levels† (Mai et al, 2010, p.7) Another important step taken by China for boosting their economic progress was the welcoming of FDI. Even though China is communist country, they have realized that without private capital it is impossible for them to advance further. Foreign investment helped China to polish their production technologies and management skills further. â€Å"The key benefit of foreign investment is improvement in productivity as other players in the hos t industry catch up with the performance standards set by foreign investors† (Mai et al, 2010, p.14) The economic reformation processes undertaken by China under the leadership of Deng in the 80’s and 90’s helped them to speed up their economic progress. Deng succeeded in relieving the industry sector from the complete dominance of the government and lot of small scale industries

Naturalism A Movement In The European Drama English Literature Essay

Naturalism A Movement In The European Drama English Literature Essay On the other hand, parallel to Naturalism, another movement was born; Realism. It was a general movement in the 19th century theatre that developed a set of dramatical and theatrical agreements, in order to bring a greater loyalty to real life, to texts and performances. Realism began first in Russia and then it spread in the rest of Europe. Also, the beginning of both Realism and Naturalism happens at the same time as the scientific revolution. Realism of 19th century is connected to the development of modern drama which it began to exist in 1870, with the work of the Norwegian dramatist, Henrik Ibsen. So, the main representatives of Naturalism and Realism are the following: Balzac, Flaubert, Emile Zola, Henrik Ibsen, etc. During Naturalism there were two different literatures: the stage and the novel. In France, for half a century, there were two different styles: the theatrical style and the novelists style. These two styles had nothing in common and a subject which could be put in a book, could not be placed on the stage. In the beginning, we could could in French stage dialogues only for two people, unformed pieces of work, which performed in the public square. But as time passed, halls were built and tragedy and comedy born . M. Victorien Sardou is the actual representative of the comedy with plot. He is the inheritor of M. Scribe. Victorien Sardou removed all the all tricks and put new ones. He is one of the workmen of his period, who work toward their strength for a formula which other people dont have the genius to carry out in its completeness. His work was important and he gave to the public a taste for life and reality. M. Alexandre Dumas fils had done a better work. He is one of the most skilful workmen in the Naturalistic period. We can say that to him, we owe the physiological studies on the stage. Even if he was a bit unmeasured in some points, because of him the play became a problem that had to be solved. Finally, Dumas never used truth in his plays. During the 19th century, the dramatic author is enclosed in a strict frame: he must pay attention in all sorts of necessities. He has to provides truth evidences and try to persuade the audience that what he watches can really happen to anyone. But unfortunately, the theatre wasnt always acceptable from the audience. There have been many rejections of great plays, such as Ghosts from Ibsen- because critics thought that he talks about themes that are abandoned in their society (like syphilis, open relationships between men and women, etc). Actually, I believe that this reaction from the critics -but also from the audience- is accepted, because the themes that playwrights used, were pretty pioneer for that period and for their way of living. Of course the facts that they used happened in reality, but it was pretty unusual to touch themes like these on theatre, and that really socked them in the beginning. But as he can see afterwards, they overcame this way of thinking. At the same period in France Andre Antoine (1858- 1943) continued the great work of Emile Zola and Henrik Ibsen, to France and he opened there the first theatre of Europe, which called Theatre-Libre. His production of Ghosts was the first recorded production of Ibsen in France, but unfortunately they pronounced it a failure. After this, Antoine became a director and he tried to make some modifications in the field of direction. He also became well-known for his stage settings. Finally, Antoine tried to apply a new stage philosophy- that he produced- but not only to the new realistic plays, but also to the classics ( Aeschylus, Sophocles, Shakespeare, etc). Eventually, his productions became very famous. In Germany Otto Brahm (1856-1912) inspired by Antoines Theatre-Libre, open his Freie Buhne in Berlin in 1889 and his first play production was predictably Ghosts by Ibsen. He was for ten years a scholarly critic in Berlin and he was also Germanys leading advocate of Zola, Ibsen and the Naturalistic movement. Brahm, unlike Antoine, was assisted by well-educated actors and directors. Also, he tried to apply his new methods to the classics plays (as Antoine did) without looking back to the results of the previous. He believed that the classics had to live and change with their audiences, because a play may be old but the art of drama is always new and immediate. As we can see, Naturalism and Realism had a big influence in the history and the progress of drama in all the European cities. There were rejections and juxtapositions as it was obvious for that period, but these facts, didnt make Realism and Naturalism to loose their power and their importance in the history of Theatre. Even today these two terms are famous to everyone; only from this you can see the great influence of them, not only in the Theatre, but in many fields of our lives. 1. A Sourcebook on Naturalist Theatre: Ibsens Naturalistic Drama Henrik Ibsens (1823-1906) development as a playwright can only be understood in terms of the cultural battle of Norwegian independence. There was a continuity in the most general thematic terms, between his earlier heroic drama and his naturalistic work. Ibsen would like to represent reality in all of his plays and give to the audience/reader the impression that everything that appears in the play can really happen. In order to succeed this, he used three (3) main things: a) the stress of modernity, b) the individualization of even minor characters, and c) the use of everyday speaking language. Ibsen also believes that the influence of the play has to do with the spectator and the sense of feeling as if he/she was listening, looking at events that do happen in real life. In some plays (e.g.: Ghosts) the critics called him responsible for the opinions expressed by a character in the play and also that the book represents nihilism. But as he replied, nothing really happens. Furthermore, Ibsen had a practical experience as a theatre-director and this helped him with the writing of his plays and the way that he should represent Naturalism in the stage. Finally, as E.F.S. Piggott wrote, all of the characters that Ibsen used were morally deranged, the heroines were dissatisfied and had problems with their marriage, and men/heroes were all villains or foolish. 2. Ibsens Realistic Aesthetic Some of the major realists of 19th century are: Ibsen, Flaubert, Henry James, Balzac, Dickens, George Eliot, etc. all of them have differences between them. Here Ibsen talks about the Realistic Aesthetic. First of all, in literature, the realistic aesthetic focus on reality and downgrade the main subject. Realism maintain that any any subject is suitable to be used, if it represents reality. In other words, the new attitude in realism and naturalism, elevates arts above the subject and the artist is the one who made the subject important. In Flauberts work, the aesthetic dimension is being used very much,especially with irony (like Ibsen). For Ibsen Realistic aesthetic, the old form of drama had been stopped to be valid. Therefore, the struggle of the human spirit, in order to achieve greater authenticity as it moves forward, had to take up and abandon one spiritual drama after another. Finally, the Realistic aesthetic (for Ibsen) can be derived into two more things: a) a highly critical or sceptical attitude towards conventional ideas of reality, and b) from a number of causes (philosophical, moral, historical, social, etc), which undertake a posture of animosity, quickly reciprocated, towards conventional society. Naturalism on the stage- Emile Zola (1840-1902) Emile Zola talks about Naturalism and the meaning of it, about its representatives, novels and theatre of that period, and their characters. He also talks about the novelists of Naturalism and the great evolutions of the stage in France. Zola believes that naturalism exists from the first time that a person began to write. He also insists that naturalism as we know today, began from the savants who had worked like the poets. So, one day they decided to experiment, before they conclude. They abandoned supposed truths and they used analysis, rather than synthesis. This was an evolution for that time. So, the same happened in literature: there were only real characters, a true history of each one and the story of daily life. During Naturalism, novel and stage had nothing in common (especially in France) and a subject that could be put in a book, couldnt be placed in the stage. Balzac and Stendhal were first in the Naturalistic novel, and then Flaubert and, MM Edmond and Jules de Goncourt continued their work. Finally, in the French stage, we meet Victorien Sardou, Alexandre Dumas and Emile Augier who had a great impact in the Naturalist stage of France (each one for a different reason). Naturalism, Realism and The New Wave à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Naturalism and Realism Some people believe that Naturalism is virtually synonymous with realism. Even Emile Zola (one of the earliest champions of Naturalism) often used the terms interchangeably for Naturalism and Realism. But the New Wave mentioned that Naturalism and Realism different and each one represented two different formal projects. Also, the movement which moved beyond naturalism rejected Naturalism as a particular tradition of theatrical practice and this moved also to the directors, critics and also the writers. In the post-war context, Naturalism was quite a shorthand for the practices of the theatre before 1956, the chosen form of the directors, dramatists and critics that associated with it. Arnold Wesker, one of the most associated with naturalism writer, argued that: Naturalism (and also Realism) doesnt really exist, its an impossibility, because reality is quite obviously every minute detail. Furthermore, one of the main objections to Naturalism was that placed in a second importance questions of form and method. Finally, as Stanislavsky criticised his own work in terms of the defence of Realism and Naturalism, he said that Realism in art is the method that helps to select only the typical from life. If someone is Naturalistic in the stage, it only shows that he/she is not still able to talk about and perform historical and social essence of events and characters. 5. Realism and Naturalism The beginning of Naturalism and Realism happens at the same time as the scientific revolution. The new play was against the romantic form of drama, which was very popular during 19th century. Some of the main representatives of naturalistic and realistic novelists are: Balzac, Flaubert, Zola, Ibsen. When Realism arrived many people seemed to be socked by this, because they were used to the romantic movement, which was different. Realism tried to put on the stage only the things and facts that we can observe in our real life. Emile Zola (1840-1902) was the first who described a naturalistic theory in literature. His novel, Therese Raquin (1873), is the first milestone of the movement. Zola believed that everything had to be real in theatre, in order to persuade the audience. This would happen with characterizations, ordinary people as protagonists, correct use of language and dialogues. Henrik Ibsen (1823-1906) was a playwright who wrote A Dolls House (1879) and Ghosts (1881) both well known for different reasons. In the same period in France, Andre Antoine (1858-1943) opened the Theatre-Libre (1887), where Antoines production of Ghosts was the first production of any play of Ibsen in France and it pronounced a failure. In Germany, at the same time, Otto Brahm (1856-1912) inspired by Antoines theatre, he opened in Berlin the Freie Buhnel Theatre(1889), where his first production was also Ghosts. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Class Handout. Realism and Naturalism Innes, Christopher. A Sourcebook on Naturalistic Theatre. Routledge: London, 2000 Johnston, Brian. Text and Supertext in Ibsens Drama, University Park,PA; London:Pensylvania State, University Press, 1989 Lacey, Stephen. British Realistic Theatre: The New Wave in its Context 1956-1965. London; New York Routledge, 2002 Zola, Emile. The Experimental Novel and Other Essays, translated by Belle M. Sherman. New York: The Cassell Publishing Co., 1893

Saddam Hussein :: essays research papers

Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein, an Iraqi political leader, was born to a poor Arab family on April 28, 1937. Hussein studied law in Egypt after his attempt to assassinate the premier of Iraq, Abdul Karim Kassem, in 1959. In the summer of 1968, the Baath party returned to power and named Hussein as deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council. Hussein has been described by many as the most powerful person in Iraq because of his intimidation of enemies, careful control of his political power, and his military purges. Saddam finally gained control of the Iraq presidency in 1979. His many goals as President included attempting to increase industrial production, reorganizing government policies in agriculture, and improving education and the status of women. Hussein first began a successful development program of Iraq’s huge petroleum resources. However, this development and economic and social advances were at risk when Iraq went to war with Iran from 1980 to 1988. Hussein started this war to control Arab-inhabited areas and especially for oil resources. Hussein is also known as a ruthless leader who used chemical weapons on Kurdish people seeking freedom in the 1980’s. In August, 1990, Hussein invaded and annexed Kuwait for violating oil production laws set by the Organization of Petroleum Exports Countries(OPEC). (Kuwait had lowered the price of oil.) The Iraqi forces killed many Kuwaiti people and stole or destroyed much property. Hussein apparently wanted to use Kuwait’s vast oil resources to help Iraq’s economy. Many people believed that Iraq would next invade neighboring countries such as Saudi Arabia. Some of the countries that opposed Iraq’s invasion and that sent forces to this region were the United States, Canada, and several Arab and Western European nations. These countries formed an allied military coalition that caused a worldwide embargo against Iraq. The United Nations Security Council condemned Iraqâ€℠¢s occupation and approved the use of military force on Iraq if their troops did not withdraw from Kuwait by January 15, 1991. Hussein ignored this demand and refused to withdraw. The consequence of this decision was to go to war. On January 16, 1991, the allies bombed military targets in Iraq and Kuwait. Iraq, in return, launched missiles against Saudi Arabia and Israel. The U.S.-led military coalition drove Iraq’s armies out of Kuwait. This war, called the Persian Gulf War, lasted only six weeks. On April 11, 1991, the U.N.

Little Big Man

Directed by Arthur Penn, Little Big Man is a 1970 movie based on a 1964 novel by Thomas Berger. It stars Dustin Hoffman and Chief Dan George. The story begins as old Jack Crabb tries to recall the events of his long life for a biographer William Hickey. He had been a frontiersman, Indian scout, gunfighter, buffalo hunter, adopted Cheyenne homesteader, and witness and survivor of the Battle of the Little Bighorn. However, among his varied life events, the fact that he was adopted by the Cheyenne gives him an unique perspective on both the white and Native American cultures of the 19th century. The movie unravels the white man’s attempted genocide of the Indian and provides an indirect commentary upon genocide then occurring in Vietnam. However, the movie is most noted for its celebrated toppling of the legend and heroic aura surrounding General George Armstrong Custer and his defeat at the Little Big Horn (Geyring, 1988).Little Big Man (1970) breaks many myths surrounding the w orld of the American West. It raises questions on many of the notions of the West that have come to dominate the popular consciousness. The new elements of Little Big Man that are in opposition to popular myths in western cinema include a decreased use of violence, increased use of non-traditional sexuality, critical views of historical masculine figures, more concern for the feelings of a woman, nontraditional sexuality and more focus on favoring â€Å"realism† over â€Å"romanticism†.Young Jack and his older sister Caroline were orphaned during a massacre of his wagon train. Jack is later raised by the Cheyenne leader Old Lodge Skins and taught the Cheyenne language whereas Caroline runs off.   Jack is given the name â€Å"Little Big Man† when, despite his short statures, he bravely volunteers to fight against the United States Army. After many adventures, he reunites with Caroline for a brief time. Jack finally settled down with a Swedish woman named Olga a nd even opens a general store. However, when his partner   deceives him and puts him in heavy debt, he is forced to close the store. George Armstrong Custer suggests they make a new beginning in the west.   But their stagecoach is attacked on the way and Olga is abducted by the Cheyenne. Jack later on, tragically finds Olga married to Younger Bear. He later marries Sunshine. Custer kills many of the Cheyenne leaders. Unable to take revenge on Custer directly, he leads them to their doom at the Little Bighorn in a smartly planned manner.Westerns Films   are the major defining genre of the American film industry. They usually represent the days of the expansive, untamed American frontier in the 19th century. The western film genre typically portray the conquest of the wilderness and the subordination of nature, in the name of civilization.   Usually, the film is based on forts, desert regions, isolated homestead, jail, small town main street etc. Other iconic elements in weste rns include the hanging tree, stetsons and spurs, lassos and Colt .45's, stagecoaches, gamblers, long-horned cattle and cattle drives, prostitutes with a heart of gold, and more (Dirks, 2007).The western film genre has been associated with America’s historical past.   Usually, the central plot of the western film is simple and based on conflicts between good and evil, white hat and black hat, settlers vs. Indians, humanity vs. nature, and so on (Dirks, 2007). Often the hero of a western meets his equal and opposite self in the form of the villain. Thus typical elements in westerns include enemies (often Native Americans), guns and gun fights, violence and human massacres, horses, trains and train robberies, bank robberies and holdups, runaway stagecoachs, shoot-outs and showdowns, outlaws and sheriffs, cattle drives and cattle rustling and distinctive western clothing (denim, jeans, boots, etc.) (Dirks, 2007).Little Big Man focuses on the settlement of the American West dur ing the middle- and late-nineteenth century. Crabb's is obsessively in search of his own origins. In relating his past, Crabb introduces several sets of parents over the course of the novel, including his birth parents, the Indians, and the Pendrakes. He does not sense any connection in the true sense to these people: â€Å"my Ma was well-meaning but ignorant. My Pa was crazy and my brother was a traitor. Then there was Caroline.They weren't much of a family, I guess, but then I was not with them long†. One also finds that Crabb could not have a family of his own despite two official marriages. He participates in almost every major event in the West at that time, beginning in 1852 and concluding in 1876 with the Battle of Little Bighorn.   Following Crabb in his search for roots the movie traces the complex issues of Western settlement, especially those raised by the collision of cultures and peoples.This breaks the myth of Western movies that the Native Indians are all sav ages and the white people are all decent settlers. Crabb is a White Man and he always remembers it. But he was brought up by the Cheyenne Indians from the age of ten.   When Crabb lives with the Indians, he cannot forget that he is white and while in the company of the whites, he seems more connected with the Indians; he confesses these conflicting attitudes when he runs away from the Pendrakes, his adopted parents in Missouri (Sinowitz, 1999).Crabb is derogatory in his speech and attitude towards both the Native Indians and the whites. When he is captured, he makes remarks such as â€Å"Indians of course invented the habit of smoking, and almost nothing else† and refers to the Indians as â€Å"barbarians.† As he proceeds to compliment them, he says â€Å"you couldn't get away from the fact that they wasn't white†. However, when he is among the whites later in the novel, Crabb realizes that he finds civilization meaningless. These ambivalent notions about the Indian world and civilization are very different from earlier Western type movies where the native Indians were the only villains.In most traditional Western movies, the settlement primarily involved bringing civilization to the West. In Little Big Man, Crabb even points out that the Indians are very mannerly.   He also indicates the barbarity of the whites. Instead of simply reversing the traditional roles of the Indians and whites, the movie shows us that in reality both groups are comprised of civil and savage men and values.In doing so, Penn revises traditional views of Western settlement and the tendency of observers neatly to categorize the roles various groups play in a historical process. The movie does not place any community as superior compared to another. But each culture along with its criticism is brought on an equal plane. The Little Big Man provides an increasingly positive representation of Native Americans who had been treated as â€Å"savages† in earlier films. Contrary to general American Western genre movies, this movie portrays the American Indians in a sympathetic light whereas the soldiers are portrayed as lunatics or violent barbarians (Sinowitz, 1999).Often considered the most American of film genres, the Western has long shaped the way the history of the West has been recorded in American culture.   When Western Movies brought in historical characters, the role they played was minimal. In this movie, we find that historical characters such as Custer and Wild Bill Hickok are treated with more detail. Crabb develops an obsessive hatred and then a strange admiration for Custer, and something of a friendship with Hickok.The film seems to make them more human and realistic with all their flaws and natural talents.   When Crabb meets Hickok, he is performing one of his famous stunts; however, Crabb downplays Hickok's shooting display and later does not really believe the legendary feats of Hickok. The movie reveals that the im ages of Hickok are most those projected by writers and press people. In effect, Crabb uses realistic portrayals of these historical figures to deflate the myths surrounding them (Sinowitz, 1999).In the movie Little Big Man, Penn parodies scenes and incidents from other Western movies (Sinowitz, 1999). There is a near reproduction of the climactic chase at the end of Stagecoach (1939), where John Wayne's Ringo Kid helps fend off an Indian attack on the coach . In Little Big Man, Penn converts this scene into a comic disaster instead of making it into a moment of heroic grandeur (Sinowitz, 1999). While in the movie â€Å"the Ringo Kid† and his companions shoot at Indians with a great deal of accuracy from the fleeing stagecoach, Crabb notes the need to use a shotgun, instead of a rifle from a moving stagecoach.Crabb also informs the reader that the apparent tough man traveling among the passengers on the coach dies of a heart attack before the Indians get close. Western movies such as Ford's The Searchers (1956) show Indians attacking a farm house in the   middle of the night and capturing Edwards's two nieces. In this movie, Crabb stresses that Indians never attack at night. Morever, Western movies generally involve the concepts of taking revenge. In Little Big Man, Crabb finally tracks down his own non-Indian wife and child and finds them   living with his greatest enemy among the Indians. But, knowing that they are content with Younger Bear, Crabb decides to leave them alone.The western films generally have a simplistic moral code.   For example, a white hat represents the good guy, a black hat represents the bad guy; two people facing each other on a deserted street leads to the expectation of a showdown; cattlemen are loners, townsfolk are family and community minded, etc. All western films can be read as a series of codes and the variations on those codes. Kevin Costner's Dances with Wolves actually resurrects all the original codes and conven tions but â€Å"reverses the polarities†: the Native Americans are good, the U.S.Cavalry is bad. Clint Eastwood's Unforgiven uses every one of the original conventions, only reverses the outcomes instead of dying bravely or stoically, characters whine, cry, and beg; instead of a good guy saving the day, irredeemable characters execute revenge; etc. Here, in Little Good Man, the original codes and conventions are rewritten. Every person is treated as an individual with his own flaws in personality. Traditional Western movies had cowboy like heroes who were ruthless in their killings. ‘Unforgiven’ however, shows that even the gunslingers of the western had their own feelings and had to deal with a conscience after killing. In Little Big Man, Crabb gives up his gunslinger role the moment he sees Hickok kill another person in self-defense. Thus, there is more of a humanizing treatment to the western protagonists in Unforgiven and Little Big Man.As for the Native Amer ican characters, Little Big Man is more similar to â€Å"Dances with Wolves†. In the movie Dances with Wolves, the main protagonist Dunbar realizes that contrary to his belief that native Indians are barbaric people, they are a remarkable people, who are at one with the land and the earth.   He'd earlier been told that Native Indians were thieves, savages, and barbarians. But after knowing about them, he finds them both noble and intelligent.Dunbar becomes a friend and eventual member of the Tribe. He has found his place in life, and he is content and at peace. Here again we find that the Little Big Man does not place a similar halo around the native Indians. Rather, the movie etches out great characters among them who also have their flaws. Little Big Man differs from Dances with Wolves in the fact that it does not totally glorify the native Indians though it does focus them in a positive light.The reason why Little Big Man provides a neutral perspective towards the native Indians as well as towards the main protagonist Crabb is best explained by the words of authors Michael Ryan and Douglas Kellner in their book â€Å"Camera Politica: the politics and ideology of contemporary Hollywood film†: â€Å"Fundamental social attitudes like patriotism, optimism, trust in government and business, sense of social security and so on were either deliberately overturned by such things as counterculture or undermined by events like Watergate.As a result the generic division which maintained boundaries around proper public dress and behavior or between public morality and immorality were crossed. Idealized cultural representations of public authority could no longer hold in a society in which young people scorned public figures and repudiated authority†. Thus, according to the authors, the neutral perspective is mainly due to the fact that during the period after 1967, America was in turmoil due to the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal. Demarcatio ns between right and wrong were diffused and hence the movie of that period – Little Big Man (1970) – reflects that.Thus the movie â€Å"Little Big Man† marks a changing point in American Western Movies in many ways. This was due to changing times in history during the late sixties and changing perceptions. However, the movie was the first to start the revisionist Western trend in Hollywood, where age old western myths were shattered and new elements were added to this genre.Bibliography:Ryan, Michael. Camera Politica: The Politics and Ideology of Contemporary Hollywood Film.Dirks, Tim (2007). Westerns Films. http://www.filmsite.org/westernfilms2.htmlGehring, Wes D. (1988). Handbook of American Film Genres. Greenwood Press, 1988Meldrum, Howard Barbara (1985). Under the sun: Myth and realism in Western American Literature. Whitston Pub. Co., 1985Sinowitz, Leigh Michael (1999). The Western as Postmodern Satiric History: The Little Big Man. CLIO. Volume: 28. Issue: 2.

Features of Bill Clintons Obituary

Features of Bill Clintons Obituary Obituaries are statements of information that follows a person’s death. They offer a brief biography of an individual for public knowledge. This paper seeks to offer a feature obituary of Bill Clinton. The paper will rely on existing published information about the subject for comprehensive review of his biography.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Features of Bill Clinton’s Obituary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bill Clinton’s feature obituary It is with deep sorrow and humility that we announce the death of William Jefferson Bill Clinton. The former president of the United States passed away today at six hours local time. Though the exact cause of his death has not been confirmed, Bill is suspected to have succumbed to a heart failure. This is because he was previously diagnosed with a number of cardio vascular complications and has always been on medication. Career achievements Bill Clinton , as he was popularly known in the political field, made his achievements as a politician and a leader. He will also be remembered as a dedicated â€Å"scholar, teacher, politician, and a reformer† (Metz, p. 13). These features particularly contributed to Bill’s success as the governor for Arkansas. During this period, Bill Clinton instituted measures to ensure that education was highly prioritized in his state and the entire nation. His success as a governor is an indicator to his political achievements that followed (Metz, p. 13). Clinton’s highest career achievement was later realized in the year 1993 when he was elected as the United States president. In his capacity as the president, Jefferson succeeded in leading the nation through a political transition from cold war that had been a milestone to the United States history. Though his presidency was marred with media reports of failed leadership, he was a successful leader and was highly regarded by public opinion ratings. His career as a leader was as well felt after his presidency. He continually involved in the global fight against HIV and in initiatives to promote peace in conflict inflicted areas (Mobilereference, n.p.; Genovese, p. 99). Life history William Clinton was born to Jefferson Blyth and Virginia Dell on 19 August in the year 1964. His father, who was a resident of Hope, was a businessperson and was in constant travelling encounters. Blyth died in a road accident before Bill Clinton was born.Advertising Looking for article on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More His mother later got married to Roger Clinton and Bill was enrolled in â€Å"St. John’s Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School, and Hot Springs high school† all in his locality of Hope in Arkansas. He was actively involved in leadership and rugby (Mobilereference, n.p.). It was however in the year 196 3 that Bill derived his inspiration and will, to be actively involved in politics. This decision was influenced by his visit to the white house where he met the then president, J. F. Kennedy, and Martin Luther’s speech of ‘I have a dream’ that was delivered in the same year and popularized by the then media. He later joined Georgetown University and graduated in the year 1968 with a science degree in foreign services. He got married to Rodman in the year 1972 with whom he had one daughter, Chelsea and began his active political career in the year 1978 when he was elected to govern the state of Arkansas. Though Bill contemplated contesting for presidency in the year 1988, he withdrew his candidature and was later to win the seat in 1992 for two consecutive terms. He had a brother and his career life included legal practice (Mobilereference, n.p.). Conclusion Bill Clinton will be remembered for his leadership abilities that he demonstrated even in difficult times o f negative public criticism. Genovese, Michael. Encyclopedia of the American presidency. New tork, NY: Infobase Publishing, 2010. Print. Metz, Allan. Bill Clinton: a bibliography. New York, NY: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. Print.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Features of Bill Clinton’s Obituary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mobilereference. Calendar of Historical Events, Births, Holidays and Observances. Boston, MA: MobileReference, 2007. Print.

Communication log #1 Essays - Animation, Angry Kid, Filmmaking

Communication log #1 Essays - Animation, Angry Kid, Filmmaking Communication log #1 Assignment #4 The first person I interviewed about their problem in communication is my dad. He said that his biggest problem is being impatient and demanding sometimes. H e expects an answer immediately and doesn't give the other person the chance to take his/her time to talk . He feels like the other person does not comprehend what he is trying to convey to them. I believe my Dad needs to take his time in trying to communicate with others and give them the opportunity to answer at his/her pace. I myself find myself at times finishing other people's sentences when they speak too slow, but know that I can't speak for them. The second person I interviewed about their problem in communication is my mom. She said she finds it hard to talk to people she doesn't know well. She doesn't know what to talk about with people she just met. She is not the kind of person to approach strangers and speak to them randomly. However, she tries to solve this problem by being more open and friendlier. I can relate to not being able to communicate with people I just met. The third person I interviewed about their problem with communication is my middle sister, Gabby. Her name says it all; she talks a bit much at times . She doesn't think before she talks and people that don't know her can assume she is rude. She tries to solve this by restraining herself from saying certain things and being more mindful of what she says. I have always been respectful of others and try not to say offensive things. The fourth person I interviewed about their problem with communication is my aunt, Norma. She tries to dominate all conversations and doesn't give others the chance to speak. She is always talking about herself and her children in a boastful manner. She is trying to learn how to be less arrogant and letting other speak too. I can't relate to my aunt because I enjoy listening to other people talk about them more than I like to speak about myself. The fifth person I interviewed about their problem with communication is my older sister, Jasmin. She was born talking and then became a teacher for elementary grade school children. She feels like she has the authority to always speak and that everyone else should always listen to her. She tries to let others be in command of the conversations at times. I can't relate to this problem because I like to let others talk too.

Impact of Milk and Dairy Products on the Health Research Paper

Impact of Milk and Dairy Products on the Health - Research Paper Example eople seek to maintain a healthy lifestyle for themselves within their busy day-to-day life schedule. In this context, the eating habits and diet followed by individuals is considered a crucial point of discussion. Notably, people take food to fulfil the recommended nutrition requirements by the body. According to Ludke, Phillip, and Obermiller these requirements are fundamental to maintain a healthy and sustainable body. However, for different people, the intake of the recommended milk intakes could seem low, yet Michaelson, et al reveal that even at low intakes, D-galactose causes changes in the human body similar to natural aging in animals. Evidently, the health of any individual is directly or indirectly motivated with understanding the reactions of their bodies to different milk and dairy products and their food habit. In general, the diet involves two forms, which include vegan food and animals-based food products. Vegan foods involve the food items that are directly sourced f rom plants while the animal-based products are obtained from animals such as meat, fish, and on some occasions, daily products. Based on Blackburn (2014), the issue regarding the difference in animal-based products and plant-based products has been a topic of wide debate. Correspondingly, the aim of this particular study is to gain a better comprehension of the concept of plant milk.For the longest time, the consumption of milk has been common amongst both the young and the old universally given its perception as a dietary behaviour .

Causes of Employee Turnover Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Causes of Employee Turnover - Research Paper Example As the paper outlines, the concept of employee turnover is the significantly-used approach in the context of human resource management in a business organization. The simplest way to describe the term is that it pertains to the rate or extent at which the employer or an organization loses and gains its employees or the workforce. Turnover is basically measured for the individual firms as well as for the entire industry. The concept of employee turnover refers to the workers’ rotation within and around the labour market, and continues between occupations, firms and different jobs. It also exists between the condition of unemployment and employment within a state (Abbasi et al., 2000). The term ‘turnover’ was further defined by Price (1977) as the ratio of the number of members in an organization who have left the workplace during a certain period divided by the average number of people in that organization. Very often, turnover is regarded with the complete process linked to the filling of a vacancy. According to the studies, every time that an employee vacates a position, involuntarily or voluntarily, there arises a dire need for the hiring and training of a new employee, and the cycle goes on. According to many research studies, it has been suggested that the concept of turnover in an organization arises from the employees being unhappy with the organization or dissatisfied from the job. However, this is not the only reason for the employees leaving the organizations voluntarily or involuntarily. There are various other factors for the occurrence of high employee turnover and they are described as follows: The Economy In the exit interviews conducted with the employees, one of the major reasons discovered for leaving the organizations include the availability of the higher paid jobs. In the United States, it has been examined that some of the workers working on minimum wage, left their jobs for another job which paid them only 50cents more per hour (Shamsuzzoha, n.d.). Thus, in the better economies, the vacancies in higher paying jobs would increase the employee turnover in many other less paying organizations. The characteristics of the job There are some jobs which are fundamentally more attractive and higher paid than other jobs in the same field. The attractiveness of a job is influenced by the challenges, repetitiveness, perceived significance, inherent dangers, and the growth opportunities. A bad match between the employee's skills and the job Every job requires a proper match and parallel characteristics between the employee and the job. However, those employees, who are normally hired for the tough jobs or do not match the qualifications and expertise required by the job, leave the organization in a short span of time. Therefore, the turnover rate in an organization also increases due to the lack of compatibility between the job specification and job description.

Educate a noncompliant patient Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Educate a noncompliant patient - Assignment Example There are several ways through which the nurses and other healthcare professionals may educate the non-compliance patients. Counseling sessions can be conducted for the purpose of guiding the patients about their health plans, medications and diet plans. Seminars can be held related to different chronic diseases and the patients must be recommended by the doctor to attend these seminars to get a better insight about their condition. The non-compliant patients are the ones who do not have the health insurance, health plan complimenting their conditions or they do not have the desire of living. Therefore it is the responsibilities of the nurses and other healthcare professionals to encourage them to fight through this as a strong person. They can also educate them about the importance of medication and recommended lifestyle while fighting in their condition (Crane,

The Quest Of Life From Childhood To Death Essay Example for Free

The Quest Of Life From Childhood To Death Essay The quest for life has always been a medley of â€Å"the good, the bad and the ugly†. The occasional ups and downs of life and the frequent twists of fate here and there have left nobody untouched even the famous celebrities people see as role models. From Cradle to grave, everyone is faced with one challenge or the order of diverse degree. This was what Terry Kay’s plot captured in his classical, award winning novel titled To Dance With The White Dog. The plot of the novel revolves around Sam Peek, a complete family man, a local farmer and a celebrity, for featuring in many horticultural magazines in Hart County, Georgia, who devotedly planted pecan tress and even more devotedly loved his wife, Cora. For over 55 years, they were happily married, with kids until tragedy came knocking one night when Cora suddenly develops a heart attack which led to her death. Sam, already in his eighties was deeply saddened by his wife’s death. The children were not left out in sharing in the sorrow for they were one very happy family and devotedly loved each other. Sam’s health was naturally affected with by his grief and his daughter, Kate became too worried over his health, most especially when Sam claimed he keeps seeing a stray white dog that nobody else could see. Even Sam’s favorite son, James did not see the dog initially and everybody believes that the grief has affected his and simply going crazy, except his grandson, Bobby. However, after a series of events, everybody began seeing the white dog. Until the dog eventually disappears immediately after Sam’s death. It was concluded that the dog was Cora in another form. The theme of the novel is virtually about the quest or journey of life.The series of quest in Sam’s journey of life. His â€Å"saddest day† of loosing his wife, the lonesomeness that follows and the strength to live life without his wife. Sam’s story is about a true grief, aging, love and family life. Adding flavour to the quest is the mysterious White Dog that can only be seen by Sam Peek. It demonstrated a life-long love, natural process of aging and family relationship. One can taste bitterness and sweetness as one enters Sam’s life. You can feel the tears in his eyes, loneliness in his heart and joys on his face as the entire book enfolds vividly and dissolves in your mind. The book has been described as poetry portraying itself to be fiction. Despite his many children and friends, Sam felt lonely after his wife’s death. He had been invited for his 60 year college re-union, which he was looking forward to going along with Cora who promised to go with him. She died the very day the invitation came in the mail. Sam left home for the re-union, but lost his way along the road, he ended up in a medley of memories of his past struggles and achievements. He ended up going to where he proposed to Cora. He took a while reflecting on how he spent his life, the good old days with his wife, the younger days of the children. The life after his wife’s death and his companion, the mysterious white dog. He eventually discovers that he has cancer. As the cancer progresses in its stages, his oldest daughter moved back in to take care of him. Meanwhile, during his lonely days, his companion, the white dog would come around to keep him company. He was living alone in the farm. His children did not believe he could survive living alone in the farm without his wife. â€Å"How can this elderly man live alone on his farm? How can he keep on driving his dilapidated truck down to the fields to care for his few rows of pecan trees?†   Their fear was further aggravated when Sam keeps telling them about a white dog, â€Å"as white as the pure driven snow†, which seems to be   invisible to everyone but him, his children   be to think that grief and old age have gotten to his brain. Sam on the other hand begin to think his children crazy. Sam, knew he saw the dog. He, one of the smartest men in the South when it comes to trees could not be insane. He survived the pain of loss, grief, loneliness and old age yet maintaining the old farm alone. It is an emotional and intriguing story tracing Sam’s life through his life span, his memories, travails and the process of learning in life. Sam learns that the simple things of life are the most important after all. When he needed anyone, the white dog was always there, showing itself only when it felt was necessary. The story proves that love transcends death, for the love of Sam and Cora continued after Cora’s death through the white dog that Sam saw licking up grease on his back porch. Strangely enough, the white dog looked just like a dog that Sam and his wife had when they first were married. As Sam’s eldest daughter moved in to take care of him in his dying days, he opens the door for the white dog never to be seen again. After Sam’s death, the dog was not seen again either, only a faint print of the dog’s paws was noticed on his grave. The work was inspired by the experience of the writer and that of his parents. Kay was born in Hart County, Georgia, the setting of his novel. The eleventh of twelve children, which was the reason Sam had many children and friends. He grew up on a farm, he said that his parents had an undying love which he uses his novel to express, proving that true love disregards the concept of time and can possibly carry on lasting for eternity. It is actually a revised story of his experience about love, family and relationships.   A memorable experience of his childhood struggles, parental love and devotion, peer and family interaction etc. Summarily, the novel captures a true- life-like-story of humor, love, and friendship woven through the journey of Sam’s life. A quest for life from cradle to grave of an old man who must deal with the death of his wife death, as well as the trials of old age. A compelling story of the unusual struggle for survival despite the loss of a true companion and the other series of events time temper one life with. Sam Peek is a personification of strength, will and endurance, as he chose to continue to live on with all odds. Eventually his death culminates to creativity of the novel as the paws of his perpetual companion, the white dog, which was another form of Cora, was found on his grave. A true proof that their love will continue even after death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Reference: Terry Kay: To Dance With the White Dog: Washington Square Press 1st edition Trade.1991 Paperback. ISBN # 0671726730 http://www.terrykay.com/TerryBio.html www.mupress.org/webpages/books/blackmarrhouse.html www.amazon.com

Marketing Concepts And Principles Of Success Of Subway Marketing Essay

Marketing Concepts And Principles Of Success Of Subway Marketing Essay Marketing analysis consists of finding out the group of potential customers or consumers as well as the market you are targeting. we need to find out their potential needs how can we develop and modify the product or services to develop their needs. We should also know the preferable usage the customer might have for the product or service. We should also be aware of the competitors operation throughout the market that is their pricing policy so that we can be one step ahead of our competitors. We should also be careful about the distribution of the product and services in order to make sure it reaches the right target of the market both local and international. This report is written by studying Subway a leading sandwich shop in Britain. Synopsis The story begins in Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA during the summer of 1965. Fred DeLuca, an ambitious 17-year-old high school graduate, was looking for a way to make enough money to pay for his university tuition. The solution came at a BBQ during a conversation with a family friend, Dr. Peter Buck. Dr. Buck suggested to Fred that he open a submarine sandwich shop having seen a sandwich shop in his hometown experience huge success.   With a $1,000 loan from Dr. Buck, the partnership was formed and Petes Super Submarines opened in August 1965. The first year was a challenge and a learning experience for the young entrepreneurs. They opened their second location a year later and quickly realised that marketing and visibility were going to be key factors in the success of the business the third outlet was in a highly visible location and its still serving sandwiches today. The name was shortened from Petes Super Submarines to SUBWAY ® and the familiar bright yellow logo was introduced.   The next step was to formulate a business plan that outlined the SUBWAY ® chains goals. In an effort to reach those goals, SUBWAY ® outlets began franchising, giving others the opportunity to succeed in their own business venture. The first SUBWAY ® franchise opened in Connecticut in 1974. Literature Review Compare alternative definitions of marketing.(P1) Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others.(kotler 2003). Marketing is the management process which identifies,anticipates and supplies customer requirements,efficiently and profitably.(Chartered Institute of Marketing). Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing,promotion and distribution of ideas,goods and services to create exchange and satisfy international and organizational objects.(AMA 2004). As far as we can see in the above definitions that all of them is trying to say the same thing that it is a process. Some say it is a social process some say it is a planning process. I would define marketing as a way to reach the consumers as well as customers as AMA American Marketing 2004 has the definition that it is the perfect finishing of pricing promotion and distribution of ideas. I agree with that definition. Identify the main characteristics of marketing oriented organizations.(P2) All marketing oriented organizations develop their business around the customer. They focus on the environment and make a key factor in their decision making Ans:there are four main characteristics which explain the marketing oriented organizations. They are-1)Shared values. 2)Organization. 3)Strategy. 4)Stakeholders. 3)Strategy-Every market oriented company should have a good long term strategy. This is because the company will have a target of gaining its ultimate goal that is to be a market leader that is why from the first they should have a strong strategy which is understandable and flexible also. 4)Stakeholders-Stakeholders are those who has a direct or indirect stake which can be affected by the organisations behaviour or activity.For an organization stakeholders are a very sensitive issue.They should be careful when they make any decisions because the decision must be taken in consideration with the view point of the stakeholders.If the stakeholders are unhappy then this might affect the organization very badly. 3:Explain the various elements of marketing concept.(P3) Team work and Integrated approach to business Profitability Customer orientation Identify and assess the benefits and costs of marketing approach.P4 Ans: the cost and benefits of marketing approach are- Cost 1Regular marketing research-Company needs to do regular market research in order to stay updated according to the market. 2)Building excellent services-Company needs to give a good service both with the suppliers and the customers in order to build a goodwill for the company. 3)distribution-Company needs to be very particular in terms of the distribution costs.if the distribution cost is high it might affect them in the long run in terms of increasing the total cost. Benefits- 1)Profit-A good marketing approach means that it is going to hit the right point which should be the profit. 2)Customer loyalty and trust-Customer loyalty should be one of the key benefit. loyalty comes with the trust which is an important factor. when a customer trusts a company the customer will recommend it to the others. that is how the company will increase its benefit from the marketing approach. P5:Identify and explain macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions. RELATE INFORMATION TO SUBWAY Macro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions are(P5/M2) Economic Environment It is best described as having the factors that affect consumer buying power and spending patterns (Kotler et al 1998). These factors include income, levels of employment, inflation, value of the currency and many others. The income is a very important factor in terms of macro-environment as any customer because the customer should have the purchasing power to buy the product. If they have the purchasing power they are most likely going to buy at subway. Value of the currency is an important factor. If the value fluctuates then we cannot value the correct value of sub according to the market. Political Social Technology Micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions are- 1)Customers-Organisations survive by satisfying the needs, wants and providing the benefits of the customers. For e.g-Subway gives special offers to the customers like the sub of the day. 2)Employees-Employing the correct staff and keeping this staff motivated is a very important part in terms of strategic planning process of the organization. Training and development is an important factor in subway in terms of getting a competitive edge than any other fast food joint. 3)Suppliers- Keeping a good relationship with the supplier is a very important factor. Prices of raw materials might increase. A good relationship ensures that they get the products of good quality at a competitive price. P6:Propose segmentation criteria to be used for two products in different markets. Ans: Market segmentation is the fundamental component of a market-based strategy. A market segment is a specific group of customers with distinctive customer needs, purchase behaviours and different descriptive characteristics.(Best 2000). We can talk about the halal stores in subway and the general store of subway. They are two products in different markets. One is aimed generally. Another one is specially aimed at the muslim customers who wants to eat at subway. P7:Outline the factors which influence the choice of targeting strategy. Ans: targeting strategy is the selection of potential customers to whom the business wants to target them to sell products or service. Factors influencing the choice of targeting strategy are- 1)Markets diversity- Market goes on to take different routes like the case of subway which is diversifying their sandwich products. 2)The level of competition-Subway has to ensure their goal beside the level of competition that they are facing. This is why they are targeting health conscious customers by introducing low fat subs like chicken teriyaki. They also use the slogan called Eat Fresh to target people who want to eat out but wants to avoid junk food. 8)Explain how buyer behavior affects marketing activities in two different buying situations. Ans: Buyer behavior affects marketing activities in many situations. One may be the way the customers lifestyle is. For e.g.-if the customer is an marketing officer he is more likely to buy formal clothes than a plumber who needs informal clothes like jeans because it will be more suitable for him to work with a pair of jeans. Another situation might be a psychological factors. For e.g-customers of mark and spencer might belief that ms products are very much better than the others. This might influence them to buy that product.