Futility in Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot Essay -- Waiting For Go

Beckett explores the motif of futility in an attempt to leave the audience with questions about the meaning of life. The techniques and ship hindquartersal in which he does this vary in relation to the scene but he relies heavily on the use of philosophical and emotive language and a shocking way to intellectually and emotionally engage the audience. All characters that Beckett features in his play ar used as literary constructs in creating the tone and place in which to develop and examine the theme of futility. The theme of futility is linked to the philosophy of Nihilism and grounded in the belief that our universe is stochastic, and therefore expression-less. If life has no structure or coherent meaning it can ultimately be seen as futile. Beckett explores the theme of futility throughout the text in numerous ways. The theme of futility is immediately brought to the brain in the beginning of the scene through stage directions concerning Estragons struggle with his boot. Diction such as he gives up, tries again as onwards immediately set the tone of the futility of both his actions and the situation. This is further reflected in the setting of the play and the apparent bareness of their surroundings. The theme of futility is further reflected in the cyclical character of the dialogue in the sense that nothing appears to change and everything is simply repeated, their conversation never reached a definitive conclusion they are ultimately still waiting for Godot and longing for answers. The concept of time is used very successfully by Beckett in order to highlight and develop the theme of futility in Waiting for Godot. clock time can be seen as a very fluid concept in the sense that the audience is never made aware of how l... ...above. Whilst numerous techniques are employed in order to develop and influence the audiences understanding and perception of themes he deems important perhaps the most significant tool, which Beckett utilizes, is the motifs and certain characterization. The play can be considered highly minimalist and therefore the dynamics that exist between the characters are essential in order to demonstrate and explore the theme of futility. Ultimately, the theme of futility and the effect it has on relationships and attitudes can be considered the most significant and widely explored by Beckett. Conclusively, futility is greatly involved in the play and Beckett explores it through methods I behave explored in this essay. Works CitedBeckett, Samuel. Waiting For Godot. 3rd ed. N.p. CPI Group, 2006. Print. Vol. 1 of Samuel Beckett The Complete Dramatic Works. 4 vols

Definition Essay - Art is Anything -- Expository Definition Essays

Definition Essay - fine art is AnythingMerriam-Websters Online Dictionary11 defines art as the conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects also, works so produced. This definition is inclusive of most forms of art. Unfortunately, art goes far beyond this limiting sentence. Art can be thoughts, aesthetic creations, musical compositions, or choreography. Art can be seen, heard, and/or felt. Art is concrete and abstract, at the same time. Art is expression and emotion. Art is anything. When trying to define art, humankind runs in to many difficulties. Traditional concepts of art include painting, sculpture, drawing, and photography. Art can also be champion simple thought. The abstract idea of creativity is art. Imagination is art. Words are art. Simplistically, art is anything an individual creates. A painter with a lifetime of formal educational activity in oils, acrylics, and watercolors, is just as m uch an artists as a three-year-old with a pot of red finger paint. By creating, one creates art. ...

An Application of Relational Dialectics Essay -- When Harry Met Sally

An Application of Relational DialecticsLeslie Baxter and Barbara Montgomery are interested in the communication that occurs in close relationships. I am difference to focus on the three relational dialects which consist of connectedness-separateness, certainty-uncertainty, and openness-closedness. These three dialects are central to Baxters and Montgomerys theory but they want to go more indepth than previous theorists pay on these specific dialects. I will discuss this theory in the context of When Harry Met Sally.Connectedness-SeparatenessBilly Crystal plays Harry, a man who believes that women and men bathroom not be friends. Men always have sex on their minds so it interferes with the chance to be plutonic friends with women. He shows a separateness from women because he doesnt want to get to close to Meg Ryan who plays Sally, a woman who believes the exact opposite. Their relationship starts out with contraditions and continues throughout the movie.As years pass, they meet up with wizard another again and continue their argument over the relationship between men ...

One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest :: essays research papers fc

QUESTIONWas Forman compelled to change the point of view in his adaptation of One Flew everywhere the Cuckoos Nest?ANSWERForman was compelled to change the point of view in adapting the book into a film.REASONINGA.In the book Chief Bromdens thoughts go from relentless reality and understanding to dreams and visions which would be difficult for an earshot to follow.B.The confusion created by the Chiefs switches from reality to fantasy is possible in literary version due to the amount of concomitant and analysis, which can be put down on paper. However, this is impossible for a director to capture the same understanding and prescience in a two-hour film. C.Chief Bromdens thoughts and hallucinations, which are the narration in the book, are erratic and crazy when not compared and elaborated. In a film, it is not invariably possible to clarify on the type of details found in the book.D.There is not comme il faut time nor is it possible to elucidate into the amount of detail whic h Ken Kesey goes into in the book. This is due to the fact that Chief Bromden starts out playing deaf and dumb and even when he does begin to talk it is not in great amounts or details. In order to capture the heart of the story a director would have to use a broader narration, which a diverse audience could understand.E.A book allows for great amounts of details due to the depth of words and the imagery they can evoke in a readers mind. There is not enough time in a film for all the detail of a book to come out and explain every single character to an audience, which postulate to be constantly entertained to keep their focus.CITATIONSThis is an autobiographical reference to how Ken Kesey came to write One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest and the processes, which made it realistic and fantastical at the same time.But also at the same time Bromden is an unreliable witness he is also an extremely reliable one. We feel he tells us the uprightness about McMurphy in fact, he tells it with su ch penetration and insight that it has a consistent and coherent shape and meaning for us. The combination of hallucination and truth in the narration is a notable stylistic accomplishment. Fact and fantasy alternate, but the reader has no difficulty distinguishing one from the other, and thus they successfully balance each other.

Effects of Gene p53 the Tumor Repressor Essay -- Biology Cancer

Induction of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Antitumor Immunity with DNA Vaccines Expressing Single T Cell Epitopes, by Frank Ciernik, Jay A. Berzofsky, and David P. Carbone explores the uses of the element gun and how it can induce both humoral and cellular immunity. The paper specifically explores the effects of p53, a tumor repressor which creates its name from its molecular weight( p53 is a protein that has a molecular weight of 53). It is tremendously important because fifty percent of known cancer types stem from a mutation in this gene. A draft History of ImmunizationVaccines came about some 200 years ago when Jenner discovered that if someone caught a mild case of cowpox they would not get smallpox.In 1879, another scientist, Louis Pasteur, accidentally discovered the vaccinum for fowl cholera by leaving cultures out in his laboratory. Later, Pasteur went on to develop an effective vaccine for rabies.The typhoid and cholera vaccines were produced by Wilhelm Kolle in 1896.The groundwork for tetanus and diptheria toxid vaccines was laid by Emil von Behring and Emile Roux in the early 20th century.In 1955, the polio vaccine, developed by Jonas Salk, was licensed.The Contagious and Non-Contagious Infectious Diseases Sourcebook estimates that a vaccine for chickenpox developed by Merrick Sharp Dohme will soon be available. ADVANTAGESThere are many advantages to using gene immunisation rather than protein immunization. For example, it is more effective at inducing cellular and humoral responses than protein. More importantly, it is safer.By targeting only the desired epitope, this method of immunization avoids the induction of unwanted responses. A current example of an unwelcome response would be... ... tumor cells in the mice. Modern Applications of Genetic ImmunizationThe implications of the proposed vaccines introduced by this research could be immense. Along with the advantages over traditional vaccines, they may be applicable to infectious diseases of which no preventative measures are currently known. Effective immunization for infectious diseases could take on innoculation fromBSE/ Cholera, Dengue, Ebola virus, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Hepatitis B, C viruses Herpes simplex virus, HIV, Influenza, Malaria, Meningitis-causing enteroviruses, Papilloma virus, Rabies virus, Tuberculosis, and Yellow Fever.In addition, DNA epitope vaccines may elicit protective immune responses against cancer. induce response against identified T cell epitopes including the inhibition of tumor growth could be the result of this break-through technology.

Effects of Gene p53 the Tumor Repressor Essay -- Biology Cancer

Induction of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Antitumor Immunity with DNA Vaccines Expressing Single T Cell Epitopes, by Frank Ciernik, Jay A. Berzofsky, and David P. Carbone explores the uses of the component torpedo and how it can induce both humoral and cellular immunity. The paper specifically explores the effects of p53, a tumor repressor which gets its name from its molecular weight( p53 is a protein that has a molecular weight of 53). It is tremendously important because fifty percent of known cancer types stem from a mutation in this gene. A Brief floor of ImmunizationVaccines came about some 200 years ago when Jenner discovered that if someone caught a mild case of cowpox they would not get smallpox.In 1879, another scientist, Louis Pasteur, accidentally discovered the vaccine for fowl cholera by leaving cultures out in his laboratory. Later, Pasteur went on to develop an effective vaccine for rabies.The typhoid and cholera vaccines were produced by Wilhelm Kolle in 1896.The groundwork for tetanus and diptheria toxid vaccines was laid by Emil von Behring and Emile Roux in the early 20th century.In 1955, the polio vaccine, developed by Jonas Salk, was licensed.The hereditary and Non-Contagious Infectious Diseases Sourcebook estimates that a vaccine for chickenpox developed by Merrick Sharp Dohme will soon be available. ADVANTAGESThere are many advantages to using gene immunization rather than protein immunization. For example, it is more effective at inducing cellular and humoral responses than protein. More importantly, it is safer.By targeting only the desired epitope, this method of immunization avoids the demonstration of unwanted responses. A current example of an unwelcome response would be... ... tumor cells in the mice. Modern Applications of Genetic ImmunizationThe implications of the proposed vaccines introduced by this research could be immense. on with the advantages over traditional vaccines, they may be applicable to infectious disea ses of which no preventative measures are currently known. Effective immunization for infectious diseases could include innoculation frombovine spongiform encephalitis/ Cholera, Dengue, Ebola virus, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Hepatitis B, C viruses Herpes simplex virus, HIV, Influenza, Malaria, Meningitis-causing enteroviruses, Papilloma virus, Rabies virus, Tuberculosis, and Yellow Fever.In addition, DNA epitope vaccines may elicit protective immune responses against cancer. Induced response against identified T cell epitopes including the inhibition of tumor growth could be the result of this break-through technology.

Solutions Managerial Accounting

A company usually has a small number of processing departments, whereas a job-order speak toing system often must keep track of the be of undress or even thousands of jobs. In a process costing system, a Work in Process account IS maintained for each separate processing department. 4-5 The journal entry would be work in process, Firing XX Work in Process, Mixing . The cost that might be added in the Firing Department include (1 ) costs transferred in from the Mixing Department (2) materials costs added in the Firing Department (3) labor costs added in the Firing Department and (4) overhead costs added in the Firing Department.Under the weighted-average order, equivalent units Of production lie down Of units rendered to the next department (or to fin- each unit transferred out of the department is counted as one equivalent unit-?regardless of in what period the work was done to sleep with the units. Under the FIFO rule, only the work done in the current period is counted. Units transferred out are divided into two parts. One part consists Of the units in the beginning inventory. Only the work needed to complete these units is shown as part of the equivalent units for the current period.The other part of the units transferred out consists of the units started and completed during the current period. -10 The weighted-average method mixes costs from the current period with costs from the prior period. Thus, under the headquartering method, the departments apparent performance in the current period is influenced to some extent by what happened in a prior period. In contrast, the FIFO method cleanly separates the costs and work of the current period from those of the prior period.This makes the FIFO method superior to the weighted-average method for cost control because current performance should be measured in relation to costs of the current period only. 4-11 Operating departments are the units in n organization within which the central purposes of the organi zation are carried out these O The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 2008. All rights reserved. Solutions Manual, Chapter 4 departments usually generate revenue. By contrast, assist departments provide nurture or assistance to the operating departments.Examples of service departments include laundry function in a hotel or hospital, internal auditing, airport maintenance services (ground crews), cafeteria, personnel, cost accounting, and so on. 4-12 Service department costs are allocated to products and services in two stages. Service apartment costs are first allocated to the operating departments. These allocated costs are then included in the Operating departments overhead rates, which are used to cost products and services. 4-14 Under the direct method, interdepartmental services are neglected service department costs are allocated directly to operating departments. -15 under the step-down method, the costs of the service department performing the greatest amount of service for t he other service deep retests are allocated first, the costs of the service department performing the next greatest amount of service are allocated next, and so Roth by means of all the service departments. Once a service departments costs have been allocated, costs are not reallocated back to it under the step-down method. 4-13 Interdepartmental services exist whenever two service departments provide services to each other. O The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 2008.

Discursive Essay – Size Zero

Discursive Essay Size nought(a) In our society, image is everything. We strive for what is considered to be the deification appearance. For the modern generation, fashion is uppermost. For some girls our ambition is to make size zero. We want or need to show we atomic number 18 following the modish fashion trends. However, recent news reports indicate that size zero models are obsessed with their size that they become anorexic. Being fascinated by the fashion attention myself, it is important to explore the question Why should or should non size zero models be allowed to walk on the catwalk? Size zero models should not be allowed on the catwalk.They are a bad influence on teenage girls who ape or desire to think like these size zero character reference models. Young girls who attempt a zero do not develop as they should. They are more likely to view as severe health concerns later on on in life. They are less likely to work and will need a great deal of health care assi stance, the tax remunerators will end up bearing the financial strain as they will have to pay more taxes because these girls will require nhs when they bulge out to get health problems. A further argument that we frequently encounter, is that size zero puts pressure on girlish women who are overweight.By comparing themselves to zeros young women only achieve low self-esteem. They are made to think they are unattractive. They go through the tune of unsafe cosmetic surgeries such as flock tucks, to appear like fashion icons. Celebrity nutritionist Dr Adam Carey says that, I think the current vogue is macabre. I think it is obscene and it is very unhealthy. It is to a fault argued that many girls who are wanting to become models in the future, put themselves through a lot of anxiety to be emaciated and slim, so they get accredited in the fashion industry.These girls attempt to try to be lean by starvation themselves which can result in eating disorders. A popular vocalizer cel ebrity called Rihanna states that, You shouldnt be pressured into trying to be thin by the fashion industry, because they only want models that are like human mannequins. I agree with this statement. I believe you should do what you feel comfortable with, and not do something that will harm yourself and your health. In addition, women that are outsized will stop buying frock from the shopping malls, as they will sense, that they dont attend tempting when they try on the most recent designer clothes.This implies, that clothing stores will injure a financial loss because of size zero models when outsized women make up more than fifty percent of the population and cant summon clothe that fit them. Statistics show that, up to 66% of the US population is overweight Furthermore, size zero may possibly harm our health to a really risky extent. Many size zero models have died of anorexia due to this size zero craze. In August 2006, 22-year-old Uruguayan model Luisel Ramsol died after s tarving herself.She had tried to live on nothing but Diet Coke and lettuce leaves for three monthsIn November of the same year, 21-year-old Brazilian model Ana Carolina Reston died from anorexia. The obsession with size zero could lead to many more such tragedies. Contrary to this, many people argue that size zero models are in fact a dear(p) influence on people who are obese in society. Size zero encourages them to lose excess fat from their body. It is also said that there are many more health problems associated with obesity compared to anorexia. If obese people look on size zero models as role models they will eventually become fit and healthy.Another counter argument is that, most size zero models are naturally skinny, they dont starve themselves or put stress on themselves to shrink to a size zero. They may look unhealthy at times, but thats the way their bodies have been made, with a fast metabolism. Models that are naturally size zero should be allowed on the catwalks as t hey are not damaging their health. Likewise, there are those who say that designer clothes look more striking on really skeletal models. People are more likely to buy designer clothes when they perceive that these models have faltering them.This is an advantage for the designer, as he/she will be making a fortune if his or her designer clothes start selling in naughty volumes in the shopping malls because of their size zero models. Lastly, many people say that size zero leads to anorexia , eating disorders and health problems. This may not be the fact for all. There will be some size zero models who are healthy, and eat their regular balanced diets, full of nutrition, but do not have fattening foods such as butter, meat, sweets and oily food. They just eat the right amount of food that they need for each day. After evaluating these arguments, my conclusion seems inevitable.The arguments against size zero models outweigh the arguments for size zero models. My question in the intro duction, Why should or should not size zero models be allowed to walk on catwalk? has come to a conclusion. My point of view is that the zeros shouldnt be allowed to walk the catwalks. This is because there have been many deaths caused by the size zero trend. Size zero does not look healthy. It does not set a good example for younger girls. I only want to see a skeleton in a museum, not wearing my clothes Zero isnt even a real number Give me a 10, 12, 14 any day oppression Bibliography By Iram Mahmood 5e 947 words

Plot summary of The Old Man And The Sea Essay

The plot summary of the overaged homophile of the sea The Old hu musical composition beings and The Sea is the story of an epic that makes a very great effort between an darkened, who has a lot of experience of a particular activity and he is the epitome of a modern hu domain life, it was happened in a small sport tiping village near Havana, Cuba, The w havers of the Gulf of Mexico, in the 1940,s in the ordinal century. The writers of modern age focused on man as well as psyche of man rather than society, so that Ernest Hemingway wants to write the old man and the sea ,which was the old(Santiago) suffered from alienation, that alone all the time, it was one of the features of modern age. (Miller, 2002 3).In 1930,s and during the second world war Ernest Hemingway was lived in Cuba, and because he was loved hunting and weighting and in the age of childhood he fished and hunted with his father, so that he began to write the old man and the sea in the last years of his life and pr int in the 1952 as a single issue of human life in modern age. (Miller, 20055).Note In that small village, the villagers must work, which work it is fishing to cop money so as to sustain in life, so that to each one members in the village go to sea with his ride or skiff in the early morning for fishing, and Santiago, old Cuban fisherman was one of them, but alone. As (Ernest Hemingway said). He had a shack which was a small building make of woods, in it a bed, a table, one chair, a picture in colour of Sacred heart of Jesus and another of Virgin of Cobre of his wife on the shelf in the corner under his shirt. He had a small boat and gone eighty-four age without took a fish. The boy named Manolin, that the old man took him when he was five years old and the boy loved him too much and loyalty for him, when the boy saw him without taking a fish in the first forty days while he took leash fish in the first week. It made the boy, unlucky to see the old man each day went and came, w ent and came with his skiff empty and without fish, accordingly(prenominal) the boy came to help him such as coiled lines or the pole, harpoon, brought coffee, sometimes with some food from Martin or Perico, and newspapers that talked about baseball, then it would been the discussion between Santiago and Manolin, that Santiago had a hugeadmired for the Great DiMaggio, he was great in baseball player, and whose father was fisherman. The boy left hand him because his parents forced him to do, and go to another boat. The parents of the boy with the villagers called Santiago salau or unlucky and laughed at him, but Santiago said toward Manolin I knew you did not leave me because you doubted, then the boy said no it was true because my father made me left, so I must obey him, finally the boy left him and Santiago goes to sleep, in his sleep he dreamt lions that played on the white set down of Africa, this was a sense when he was a very young man. The next morning sooner sunrise Sant iago went to Manolins house to wake Manolin so as to carry Santiagos gear to his boat and drinking coffee, on the beach wished each other good luck. (Miller, 1988 3-20).This time that started with the new day Santiago decided to go far out from others fisherman in the sea, he rowed steady away from shore toward the deep waters of Gulf Stream. The first he heard the leaps of the flying fish then he saw flying fish pursued by dolphins a diving, circled seabird, he considered to be his friend, and he followed farther and farther out the seabird that was hunting for fish. One of the old mans lines goes taut, and then the old man said out laud, would made a lovely piece of bait. Big fish pulled the boat every day last from shore until alienated lights of his village. He cant increase the tension on the line, because if it was too tauted it will be break and the fish will get away. It was a mixture of struggle big fish (Marlin), and Santiago, that Marlin wants to get free and the old ma n wants to get his aim, goal, and inclination that stands for life. Because he could not took big fish in to his boat and said a loud I wished I had the boy, but nothing, then he said to himself you have to work better, it was a kind of encourage himself, and he was optimistic all the time although he was alone, and cant catch a fish, so as to helped himself he said toward Marlin I loved you and I respect you but I will killed you dead before sunset, after that a small tired bird named (Warble) came from north toward the old mans boat, perched on the taut fishing line that linked the old man to the big fish, the old man told the bird to stayed and rested here to live and to sustain like other any man or birds, he said you were tired and loneliness as me. He didnt mentioned the Hawks that waited for nigglingbird, suddenly the Marlin surged, and the bird left him without any reaction, Santiago didnt aware of the bird because his hand was bled, while marlin was quiet, the old man to ok the line with his back and ate the tuna that he caught day before, then turned to his imaginary mind to baseball, the great DiMaggio, and he wondered if DiMaggio would stayed with the marlin. The marlin woke and jumped out of water again and again and began to circle about the boat for hours and the line taken by Santiagos hand that fought with the circling fish, after hat he pulled the fish on to it was side by the boat and plunged his harpoon in to it. (Miller Asiaing.com, 10-37).Note now he was happy, comfort and without any harm or pain because he got or completed his great aim, desire with the catching of big fish.Here the long strength struggle finished between The Old Man, and the Marlin with the fish lurched out of the water and dead, he pulled the boat toward the fish fastened the fish to the side of the boat. He thought how much money he could make from such a big fish, and he imagined that DiMaggio would be noble of him. The old man found himself wondered, luck, happ y, and got his aim, goal, and he rowed toward his village with the great won in his life, but his happiness long less which an hour later amako chisel arrived having smelled the marlins blood, the second fight and struggle began with sharks that wanted to eat the marlins flesh, he was able to killed a number of sharks with his knife and weapon, but he lost his knife and things in the process. He was failure after all and when he got back to the shore of his village there was nothing left but the head, the Skelton, and empennage of the marlin. He beached his boat and went to his small building slept and dreamed the lions and turtles. The next morning, Manolin came to the old mans shack with brought a coffee and despite the old mans bad luck he decided to go fishing with him again. The entire fisherman had gathered around the Santiagos boat and calculated the Skelton at eighteen feet. Hemingway employed a number of images that link Santiago to Christ, the model of transcendence, wh o turned loss in to gain, defeat in to triumph, and even finis in to new life, and as a representative character for everyone in the society. (Miller, 200226-31).Major Characters in the old man and the sea*Just we had two study characters,1-Santiago, (The Old Man).2-Manolin, (The Boy).-Santiago The old man of the novellas title. He was a Cuban fisherman, suffered terribly throughout The Old man and The Sea, he had went eighty-four days without caught a fish, and became laughingstock of his village, but he was able to patient. (Miller, 2002 5).-Manolin was present only in the beginning and in the end of The Old Man and the Sea, but his aim was important, because Manolins love and loyalty for Santiago highlighted the Santiagos valued as a person and as a fisherman. (Miller, 20056).Minor Characters in the old man and the seaWe had four minor characters in the old man and the sea.1-Marlin, (Big fish).2-Joe DiMaggio.3-Martin.4-Perico.*Marlin It was a big fish, which was the greatest a im and goal of Santiago. The struggle more than three days between Santiago and Marlin, it was the trying by Santiago to catch Marlin, he had took marlin, but it was destroyed by sharks later.(Miller, 20025).*Joe DiMaggio although he never issueed in the story. He was one of American most famous baseball players Santiago worshiped him as a model of strengthen and young. (Miller, 1988 55-56). Note he always*Martin Martin a caf owner in Santiagos village, didnt appeared in the story. Manolin often went to martin for Santiagos supper and others. (Miller, 198812).*Perico perico was the owner of the bodega in the Santiagos village. He didnt appear in the novella the old man and the sea, but he served an important role in the fishermans life about the scored of the baseballs newspaper. (Miller, 2002 6).

Unit 332 Engage in Personal Development

Unit 332 Engage in personal teaching in health, social care or childrens and young peoples settings. OUTCOME 1 1. 1 My responsibilities and duties include Helping pupils individually and in groups Support literacy Support numeracy Support science Supervising art activities Listening pupils evidence Support PE lessons Support the social function of ICT in learning activities Supervising role play activities Supporting other members of staff Feedback teacher Going on school trips Providing resources for lessons Providing clerical support 1. 2 Since National Occupational Standards were introduced, the role of the TA becomes professional. It specifies the standard of performance we need to achieve in place of work together with knowledge and understanding that we need to meet standards consistently. What it means is that we need to develop all the time in order to keep in peace with invariably changing demands of the education.Also gaining Level 3 qualification gives us great opportunity to progress to the foundation degree. Teaching assistants should dupe qualities like to be good communicators, use initiative, be a good listener, respect confidentiality, accept emotional intelligence, be consistent, have sense of humour, will undertake CPD. OUTCOME 2 1. Practitioners should reflect on their practice in order to achieve good results in professional development. Being reflective Demonstrates that practitioners are actively concerned about the aims. Enables practitioners to monitor, evaluate and revision their own practice continuously Requires an ability to look carefully at practice in order to develop new skills and understanding Requires an open-minded status Enhances professional learning and personal fulfilment through collaboration and dialogue between practitioners What does reflection involves? demonstration in action, or thinking on your feet Reflection on action, or after the government issue Our thoughts and ideas Our co lleagues ideas The views and knowledge gained from our own experiences and that of theoretical literature It might be hard to reflect on practice if we have negative feelings like anger or anxiety, lack of confidence, questions if my behaviour is consistent with model behaviour. Unrealistic, high expectations I am a perfectionist, reluctance to accept jock and admittance to weakness. 2. I reflected on my practice by completing PDP and answering 11 questions (see attachment 1 and 2). The aim was to spot where my strengths and weaknesses lie.In what ways I have succeeded in classroom and in what ways can I improve? To ensure best practice. To see what training might be essential. This gives me the chance to cook on my strengths and develop strategies to minimise my weaknesses. I also did my SWOK analysis (attachment 3). 3. Everyone has different set, beliefs and preferences. We might get across people whose views we do not agree, our reaction to the differences and how they bushe l the way we work is a crucial part of personal and professional development.We need to respect and promote peoples individual views and wishes. Everyones values and beliefs are shamed to different degrees by the same range of factors, they might include family values, psychical, social and emotional stages of development, national/regional, cultural background, education, employment, religious beliefs and values. They might affect how we relate to people. It is important that we are aware of how we might behave differently towards people because it could make a difference to the quality of our work.Our beliefs and experiences can help us within our role. OUTCOME 3 4. 1 It is important to continuously engage in personal development to make sure that we are equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge not only to perform our current role but also to prepare ourselves for future opportunities and changes required in order to support mastery of our work place. There are ways in w hich we can plan personal development. through many types of learning experiences.We can attend training event or workshop, studying for a formal qualification, reading a newspaper, journal, even in discussion. In order to aid the continuous learning, we should keep personal development record. Is it important to identify priorities when agreeing to the plan because it contributes to stability and growth. It provides a basis for monitoring progress, and for assessing results and impact. It enables to look into future in orderly and systematic way, provides clear focus.

Genetically Modified foods Persuasion Essay Essay

Many are non aware of the ongoing debate of whether or not products in grocery stores across the country should label their products in a way to abide consumer awareness regarding foods containing genetically modified ingredients. One statistic states, an estimated sixty to seventy portion of carry outed foods in grocery stores contain at least one genetically engineered ingredient (Byrne). This statistic reveals the prevalence of these ingredients found in grocery stores, yet the make they drive on the products Ameri crowd outs consume can be proven very minor.Throughout different studies and research at that place are countless reasons why labelling these foods can be viewed as unnecessary. Genetically-modified foods should not have to be labeled because of the complex unresolved issues regarding which foods should be labelled, the expensive be for the resources and technology required of labeling, and the fact that there are no significant differences between genetically modified food and non-genetically modified food.While labelling might seem like a simple process, it has legion(predicate) complex issues that need to be resolved in entrap to create the necessary standards required to create a beneficial labelling system. What many do not realize is that in order to label these products effectively, we must(prenominal) develop standards that allow the labels to be equally and accurately distributed amongst all genetically modified foods. Certain questions must be answered, such as determining what percentage of genetically modified ingredients there are in a certain product in order for it to be considered for a label.Debates over whether the percentage standards should be . 01% or 1% have been discussed, while other countries such as Japan have a minimum percentage rate of 5% (Byrne). In addition, the decision of labelling products produced from livestock that are ply genetically modified crops remains unanswered. This issue can be found irrel evant due to the fact that there is no difference found in meat, egg, or dairy products derived from GM fed livestock and non-GM fed livestock.Overall, one can see that the idea of labeling genetically modified products is not only difficult, but an extremely controversial and undefined process. Outside of the cost of account and ink for labelling, the technology required for the labelling of every GM food on the market would result in a significant price increase enforce on both the producer and consumer. An increased cost on food is an unnecessary expenditure that can easily be avoided if there simply was not a labeling policy that required producers to label genetically modified foods.These high costs result from the extensive process of labelling that would begin with the farmer and end with the retailer. This process would need to include very detailed record-keeping and tests that would be required alongside producing the genetically modified foods. Other problems regarding t he cost of these labels include the willingness of consumers to buy products containing these ingredients and the increase of costs on these products from the new labelling. Both of these dilemmas result in a negative effect on the manufacturers business and their respective products (Carter).All in all, the price increases and substantial costs of creating these special labels would create a negative economic impact on both the buyer and seller. In addition to the mistaken costs and logistical difficulties posed, the differences between the nutritional content of genetically modified food and the nutritional content of conventionally derived foods are found to be minuscule. conventional foods can be defined as the crops grown on farms such as corn or sugar using herbicides or pesticides.Throughout various tests on GM foods versus conventional foods, it has been proven that GM foods have no nutritional difference from conventional foods and do not place any great effect on human health (Lawrence).Furthermore, the FDA already requires foods that do possess a significantly different nutritional value due to modifications must stand labelling that exposes the nutritional changes. Examples of circumstances where these labels would be mandatory are when they contain certain allergens that consumers would not expect or a toxin that could be harmful when excessively consumed is gratuity (Byrne).Labels on foods are used to notify consumers of when they are purchasing foods that are harmful to their health and genetically modified foods do not fall into that category. In short, placing these labels on all genetically modified foods is excessive due to the small differences they carry regarding their nutritional value and content. In conclusion, genetically modified foods should not have to be labeled to a certain degree because of the complex unresolved issues, the expensive costs for the resources and technology required for labeling, and the fact that there are no significant differences between genetically modified foods and conventional foods.These three key points argue that labelling these modified foods would result in undesirable effects on our parsimoniousness beginning with the producers and ending with the people consuming these foods. Allowing the public to be conscious of when they are consuming these particular products might seem like a well-founded proposition, but the negative outcomes tremendously outweigh the benefits.Works Cited Byrne, P. Labeling of Genetically Engineered Foods. Labeling of Genetically Engineered Foods. Colorado State University, Sept. 2010. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. Carter, C. A. , & Gruere, G. P. Mandatory labeling of genetically modified foods Does it really provide consumer choice?. AgBioForum, 68-70. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. Lawrence, Katherine. GM, Conventional & Organic Foods. GM, Conventional & Organic Foods. Plant Based Health, 30 Aug. 2010. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.

Critical Responce Essay Essay

A Sound of Thunder and Nethergrave were two both amazing Stories. I loved them both, but there was angiotensin-converting enzyme layer that stood out above the other. This one particular recital was Nethergrave. Nethergrave was an amazing lit up story it literally caught my attention immediately, it was so interesting and wakeless it caught my eye at the very beginning. A Sound of Thunder was also an amazing story but I loved Nethergrave a bit much because it was more of one of those stories that just grabbed my attention. The main thought in my head while I was reading A sound of Thunder was why is the story called A sound of thunder that thought just kept running thru my mind but when I got to finish it I understood it and It was a neat story. Nethergrave was basically about a boy who Felt All Alone and just wanted somebody to talk to make jokes with and play around with and that is why he lied to his friends on the internet probably because he wanted them to think he was coo l and not some skinny kid who had no friends at all. This story was a good learning experience for me because It can teach someone dont be afraid to tell the justness even if someone cant except you for who you are thats their loss because you are probably a great person. Jeremy knew that that other kids didnt want to be his friends so he met some online friends and they were nice to him because they did not know about the real him and he didnt know about the real them. Basically what the story is saying is be yourself and dont lie to be accepted. This was an amazing story and I loved it.

Am i next? Essay

I ran down the stairs equal the speed of lighting with c dischargeee in one hand and my briefcase in the other, and existence the clumsy person I am I stumbled a couple of steps and split HOT piping deep brown all over my fresh Ralph Lauren shirt that my wife had bought me for my 30th birthday. Limping on one foot I put down the c despatchee and walked aside the house picking up my silver keys from the kitchen table and I slamed the door on the way out. I tore a rather large leaf off the crocked cox apple tree that was growing in my front garden, it was so big the roots were lifting up the paved drive way. I tore that leaf off to clean the coffee stain of my shirt, but unfortunately it only make it worse. From the Swede brown colour my shirt originally was, the leaf managed to turn the small coffee patch stain into green slug slim colour.Like a hover bee hovering around, waiting to sting an innocent human I walked away(p) my drive to see the traffic from a faraway distance y ou could see within the heat waves that cars were producing, a long line of cars horning and you could hear the drivers screaming at each other. So I jumped into the car and backed out of my driveway. I was looking for a C.D to insert and play in my car but all I found was an old hanky, honorable like my shirt with coffee stains. I thought what the heck might as well make use of it and resolve and at least get rid of the stain, but it didnt seem to work. The hanky just made matters worse, my shirt looked worse then when I had coffee on it. So now, not only did I hit my foot against the stairs and stumble down them and then pour piping coffee on my designer shirt I also thought I would be clever and try get rid of the stain only to welcome that I had made a pigs ear out of it all. Could my day get any worse?I drove along the narrow roads of St simulates street, passing friends on the pavement smiling and waving at them. I couldnt belive how much traffic there was. It was 845, and I needful to be in the works car cat valium by 855 to allow my self to find a suitable place to park by that time I would have been in work on time, dead on 9 oclock. But was this even possible? What made matters worse was that Mr Norris, the street gossiper was in his 1960s banger talking to Mrs Norwich from his car window. He was blocking the dam road I waited for two legal proceeding to show that I had common courtesy and I had patience, but this was really pushing it. You see, I am the sort of man that does not really like time-wasters, not only do they give me a head ache they also blow my very short fuse in my head.I got out of my car and slammed the door, broke into their one-to-one conversations and I yelled. I yelled so loudly I could feel the coffee backing up on me. Mr Norris and Mrs Norwich currently got the message and drove off. By this time it was dead on 9 oclock and I was still on St Dons roads. non only had I lost my time for finding a suitable parking space to park my pride and joy I was also super late for work.If I had one more late arrival at work my boss would either sack me or demote me. I in brief came to the traffic lights which were at the end of St Dons road and I was at the bend. The lights finally sour green, and as soon as I turned the bend going at 40mph the car beside me that had a drunken driver was speeding and he sped directly into a fruit stall. All you could see was apples ad plums splattered all over the floor. I didnt bother to ask if the driver was alright or if the fruit seller was fine, I drove off not bothering to take any details or write an incident report.I finally arrived at work having to park my car at the far end of the car park. I then walked into work adjusting my tie and greeted the receptionist Gina and made my way across the lobby and opened my office door. As I was just about to step into my office a voice called out and saidSean youre half an hour late, whats wrong with you? Without you there i s no crease being done, but I am truly sorry without a job theirs is no future for you here My boss had just made it give that I was no longer a staff member at the Technology software company he also pointed at the brown cardboard box that was sitting on my desk, it looked like he had sorted my belongings out. He also told me and said

Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 27

My heavy-lidded eyes fought to drift open. I didnt know how much time had passed. Was it one night? twain? A week? It was dark, wherever I was. I was vaguely conscious, hearing footf completelys and yelling, and once a joint that sounded like Callies, calling out my name. But one day I woke up without suddenly fall back into unconsciousness. I lifted my fortification, realizing I was shackled to the wall. I had vervain burns on my arms and legs. Dried blood crusted my entire body, making it impossible for me to tell where I was wounded. Next to me, Damon was academic session with his knees to his chest. Blood covered his body, and his cheeks were gaunt. Dark shadows rimmed his sunken eyes, entirely a slow smile was spreading across his face.Not so powerful now, are you, comrade?I struggled to sit up. My bones ached. The bean plant was soaked in a dim gray light that came from a filthy window. The padding and sniffing of a mouse sounded somewhere far across the room. It stirr ed a hunger inside me, and I recognise that I hadnt fed since being here. In the corner, devil unfamiliar guards were sitting, oblivious to our near-silent conversation.I shook my percentage point in disgust. How could I have been so stupid? Lexi had been right. Of course she had. Callie had betrayed me. It must have been her plan all a enormous, from the second shed noticed the ring on my finger that matched Damons. I should have established it the out have it off Id seen her father in the room. How had I stepped into such a stupid, obvious trap? I deserved to be chained up like an animal.Did you love her? Damon asked, as if he could read my thoughts.I stared straight ahead.She hasnt come to visit, in case you were curious, Damon continued conversationally. She is pretty, though in my humble opinion, you could do better.Anger pushed my fangs into place. Where are you deviation with this? I growled.Damon gestured to the bars. Nowhere, apparently. Excellent job on the rescue at tempt.At least I tried, I tell, my rabies ebbing and resignation flowing in its place.Why even bother? Damons eyes flashed. Have I not made my feelings roughly you perfectly clear?I I began, before I realized I had no idea where to even start. How could I tell him that rescuing him wasnt a choice? That our blood ran in each others veins, that we were bound to each other. It doesnt matter, I said.No, it doesnt, Damon said, adopting a philosophical tone. After all, well both be dead soon enough. The question is, will you be killed by a crocodile or by a tiger? I heard Gallagher saying crocodiles are the best fight opponents, because they dont go for the kill. They drag it out. only if then the attic door opened with a flourish, and Gallagher strode into the room, his boots echoing on the floor. The vampires are awake he bellowed.The two guards hastily jumped to attention, pretending theyd been watching us the whole time. Gallagher strode toward the cage, kneeling at our eye level. His three-piece suit was impeccable, as if hed made his fortune as a financier rather than by straining vampires.Well, well, well the family resemblance is obvious. Im embarrassed to not have noticed it sooner. He reached through the bars and grabbed the see of my shirt, pulling me against the side of the cage. My face clanged against the bars, and I winced as something wooden jutted into my chest.A put up.And you almost got away with performing like a human Gallagher threw his head back and laughed, as if it were the most amusing thing in the world.You wont get away withthis, I hissed, pain ripping through my body as he dug the stake farther into my skin.Pay attention, vampire Gallagher said, his lips curled back in a snarl. You know, I think Im going to bet youre the one wholl get killed. Yes, I think that will do real nicely. He turned toward the two guards. Hear that? A tip from the boss. Bet on the dark-haired one, Gallagher said, bend the stake against my body. I think h is brother has more hatred in his belly.I couldnt see Damons face, but I could picture the smirk that no doubt played on his lips.Gallagher snorted in laughter and threw the vervain-soaked stake to the floor. Oh, and I dont want you using the stakes on the vampires for sport anymore, he said in the guidance of the guards. The heavyset one glanced guiltily down at the floor.Why not? the other asked indignantly. Its good for em. Shows em their place.Because we want them in tip-top shape for their fight, Gallagher said, his voice an exaggerated parody of patience. Then Gallagher smiled at us. Thats right, boys. You two are going to be fighting, to the death. Its the perfect solution. Ill have one dead vampire to sell for parts, a live one for performances, and profit beyond my wildest imagination. You know, it might be sacrilege, but I say, thank God for vampiresWith that, Gallagher turned to leave the attic, slamming the door behind him. I sank back against the bars. Damon did the s ame, shutting his eyes. The two guards gaped at us through the bars.I know the boss said the dark-haired one, there, but aint he lookin a little weak? My pennies are goin for that boy, one commented.Eh, I always go with what the boss says. Besides, aint all about size, right? the scrawny one said, sounding affronted by the first guards implication. I slumped against the wall, closing my eyes. The hatred that my brother had for me was surely enough to want me dead. But would Damon really kill me?Im more vicious than a crocodile, brother, Damon said with a smile, his eyes still closed. And this is the best piece of news Ive heard since we turned into vampires He laughed, long and loud, until one of the guards clambered over and, despite Gallaghers decree, jabbed him with a vervain-laced stake.But even then, he continued to laugh.

Julius Caesar: Compare and Contrast Essay Essay

Julius Caesar is an ancient leader who is known worldwide for his famous last words Et tu Brute? as his closest friends were brutally murdering him. Barack Obama is the current United States President who has been in office for two consecutive terms, or eight years. Both leaders will be remembered forever, Caesar because of his murder and Obama because he is the first African American President to lead the United States. Although United States President Barack Obama is a leader centuries after the rise and scratch of Julius Caesar their traits eon in power that they exhibited are polar opposites. Whether it be the way that the leaders treat and wonder their wives, the life they lived, or the way that they conduct their countries, they were opposite in almost every way possible. To begin, Julius Caesar was married to a weak-willed woman named Calpurnia. Calpurnia was a whiny woman who tried to keep Caesar from what he wanted to do and his civil duties as ruler of Rome.Calpurnia h ad nightmares of Caesar dying and his blood being put on display in the streets, dreams that she scared herself into believing, although becoming true. When Caesar refused to listen to her pleads of staying inside their house, she got on her knees and cried to him begging him to please stay home. This Caesar thought was passing ridiculous and he went everyways, against her wishes. Despite the lack of listening that Caesar had shown towards his wife, Obama looks to his wife as if she were his right-hand-man. Barack Obama is married to a strong-willed woman named Michelle. Michelle is a woman who had dreams and once her husband was elected into office, she made those dreams come true, having her husbands back in the decisions that he made for his country.Michelle wrote her own stump speeches for her husbands presidential campaign and generally speak without notes showing her involvement in the support of her husbands job. Michelle is an advocate for a healthier tomorrow, making meal plans for schools comprehensive to follow, Obama also backing her up and helping her in any way he can. President Barack Obama has a respect for his wife that is unbelievably vigorous while the respect that Caesar displayed for his wife was as if there was no(prenominal) at all, not only proving how much cartridge clips have changed, but showing how strong the bonds of sum should be. Continuing,Caesar was a puritanic by noble birth being born into a wealthy patrician family that had m acey beyond knowledge. The ancestry that Caesar had was that of honor and fame being the grandson of Aeneas who was the son of the goddess Venus.Caesars family name, Julii Caesar, came from the birth by caesarian section section, caes- meaning cut, one of his family members being born by this style of birth. Caesar came from a family of much(prenominal) wealth that his perplex was in charge of governing the province of Asia. But Obama, on the other hand, was born into a poorer family, his gro w being from Wichita, Kansas and his father being on a J-visa from a small town in Kenya, some(prenominal) of his parents being in college on opposite sides of the country, forcing them to separate, Obama being a newborn. Obama was named after his father, being Barack Hussein Obama II, a pure Kenyan name. Obamas parents were highly educated, his father going to Harvard Law School and his mother going to the University of Washington and then to the University of Hawaii where she graduated with a major in anthropology.Caesar and Obama came from completely different upbringings, one of military greatness and wealth and the other of brilliance and poverty. Finally, Caesar, because of his military background and the fact that he led the Romans to the defeat of the Gauls, he was welcomed home to Rome by the senate granting him triumphs for his victories. When Caesar gained more power over Rome, he reproducible a census be taken resulting in the reduction of grain dole, restricting the purchases of certain luxuries and honor those who had many children simply because they were increasing the population of Rome. Caesar made some very vital decisions in the growth of not only Rome, but the world as well such as changing the traditionalistic calendar to the Egyptian calendar meaning that instead of having 365 days in a year, there would be 365.25 days because of the 29th day of February every fourth year. Caesar also made decisions such as establishing a police system, rebuilding the cities of Corinth and Carthage and building a library as a branch off of the subroutine library of Alexandria.Militarily, Caesar wanted to conquer the Dacians and the Parthians, but he wasnt able to accomplish that due to his death. As a result of his murder, the month July was named after him, its original name being Quintilis. Yet, even though not having any months named after him or establishing such important institutions, Obama has had his fair amount of fame worthy actions. Obam a will forever be remembered as the first AfricanAmerican Presidential Candidate and first African American to break down president. As president Obama promised many choices that would help the United States become stronger as a whole such as bring out long-range planning, superior fundraising, dominant organizing in caucus states, and better exploitation of delegate allocation rules. Obama also made history by becoming the first democratic president since Franklin Delano Roosevelt to double win the majority of the popular vote with the people.Obama made the change to reduce the secrecy given to presidential military records to gain the trust of the people he was in charge of making a better state for. Militarily, Obama issued executive orders and presidential memoranda directing the U.S. military to develop plans to withdraw troops from Iraq, claiming that he was fixing the problem that former President George W. Bush started. Caesar wanted to start war with other countries while Obama wanted to end the war that presented itself, their strategies of dealing with their countries being completely opposite.Caesar was a leader that because of the way that he took care of his subjects was murdered because he simply was not liked. Obama is a leader of a different time period, being constantly followed by security, ensuring his safety, and maybe thats why Caesar wasnt saved, because times have changed. possibly Obama has learned from Caesars mistakes and that has influenced to take votes among the senate and people before making decisions that could ultimately question the safety of the citizens looking for up to him. Caesar and Obama both have their own ways of leading their states, treating their wives, and came from completely different upbringings, the one relation the share being that they will be legends for years to come.

Choicepoint Data Breach Essay

AbstractThe ChoicePoint information wear out occurred in 2005. This insider data unwrap brought to light how a company can button up be defenseless to having data stolen from its databases even without any lawsuitsetters case of hacking of their system. By not properly vetting bay for new accounts and indicate for learning conduct to the theft of over a hundred thousand records of peoples individual(prenominal) information.ChoicePoint Data BreachChoicePoint, A data broker, suffered a data prison-breaking in 2005. This breach led to the disclosure of thousands of peoples personal information. We will discuss the type of breach this would fall under, how it occurred, the losings of confidentiality, law, and handiness (C.I.A.), and the types of improvements ChoicePoint could or did undertake to help prevent this from happening again.The ChoicePoint data breach was a type of insider attack that occurred between 2003 and 2005 (Otto, Anton, & Baumer, 2007). According to the textbook, the definition of an insider attack is person with legitimate access intentionally breaches information (Pfleeger & Pfleeger, 2007). This can typically be from an employee or a contractor. But with the ChoicePoint data breach is was actually from customers.The ChoicePoint data breach led to over 145,000 records of personal information world stolen (Polstra, 2005). This was not by any type of hack into ChoicePoints systems but by an individual or a group of people who mathematical function previously stolen information to create fake businesses that would have a need to preform background checks on people. They used the fake businesses to apply for accounts with ChoicePoint. When ChoicePoint reviewed the application for membership they ran a check on the businesses and did not encounter any criminal activity on the owners of these fake companies since they were from stolen information and not the criminals themselves. Since no flags were thrown up ChoicePoint authorized the accounts, and these accounts now had access to retrieve information on people.In terms of the spilles of confidentiality, integrity, and availability there was really only a loss of confidentiality with a minor loss of integrity. The data breach led to the PII of an estimated 145,000 people to be possibly used by the individuals or groups that took the information for improper use. This use could have been for anything like creating credit accounts, loans, etc. Since ChoicePoint data broker of all types of information on people, this loss of data is basically the persons entire life story and everything needed to take bid of that life. The loss of integrity is minimal since the bogus accounts could not change information on the people the integrity of that information was intact. But since the people that performed this breach created accounts from previously stolen information, that was used to create fake businesses, the account it self-importance was not reliable.This then could of put every real account at risk of not being able to perform its needed task due to the possibly of all accounts being re reviewed to control proper reasoning for needing the account. There are multiple things that ChoicePoint can do to improve upon with what happened in 2005. slice ChoicePoint will point out that they were a victim of fraud themselves since it was not an actual hack into their systems (Polstra, 2005). They still failed to vet the applications for accounts and not reporting the breach of data until it was make public. Even then, they still failed to notify everyone until they were made to. This type of handling of the situation does not help with consumers trusting the company. Another thing they can do is to require more information on the individual that a company is requesting information on.This way if someone is trying to steal PII on someone they will have to have some of the more heavy information from the start. This will also make the request lo ok more real and other request that are not stand out that much more. If they better vet the applications for accounts then just candid background checks, it would lead to a lesser chance of people having access when they shouldnt. In conclusion, the ChoicePoint data breach exposed a serious threat to PII, even when not being hacked or databases being accesses without permission. If anything keen could be said about this breach is that it led to the implementing of numerous state laws requiring notification of PII breaches (Payton, 2006).ReferencesOtto, P. N., Anton, A. I., & Baumer, D. L. (2007, September/October). The ChoicePoint plight How Data Brokers Should Handle the Privacy of Personal Information. IEEE Security and Privacy , 15-23.Payton, A. M. (2006). Data aegis breach desire a prescription for adequate remedy. Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Information earnest curriculum development (pp. 162-167). New York ACM.Pfleeger, C. P., & Pfleeger, S. L. (2007). S ecurity in Computing. Indianapolis Prentice Hall.Polstra, R. M. (2005). A case make on how to manage the theft of information. Proceedings of the 2nd annual conference on Information security curriculum development (pp. 135-138). New York ACM.

Timber frame construction

IntroductionModern mental synthesis comes in many signifiers, from handed-down masonry, to precast concrete, to steel, and in recent times step flesh wee-wee. musical note disgorge and masonry twist be truly similar e movemental stateing verbalisms. Over the prevail 30 old ages in Ireland the pass type used in domestic home was masonry construct which consists of elude inner folio, pit, insularity and a block push througher foliation, extern onlyy finish offed usually with a brick or adhesive plaster rendered block. Over the last 12 old ages baseball bat erect twist has crowing to account for intimately 40 per centum of the grocery. Timber shed construct consists of an off identify engineered construction which arrives to inter interlocking settle and the pieces atomic second 18 assembled to finish the whole. The immaterial coating is likewise to masonry with brick or plaster rendered block. The ground for chosen this domain is to happen wheref ore this alteration occurred. The draped of this thesis is to analyze the Irish lodging market everywhere the last encipher of old ages, besides to happen disc over the grounds for pound off configuration retraceing going more(prenominal) popular.PurposeTo happen out why the propensity of edifice domestic lodging in Ireland has changed from masonry construction to shade carcass planting.AimsTo look into the Irish lodging market and happen grounds for the aptness alteration from masonry signifiering to timber reference mold create.To analyze the grounds why baseball bat draw conformationing has grown to the horizontal surface it has everyplace masonry make.To analyze the homes of theatre of operationsholders and belongings developers towards ram down chuck construct.Literature ReviewThe base informations pass on be sourced from RGU database, Internet poses, RGU books and diaries. Relevant Irish authorities studies and web spots will besides be looked at to pull in an indifferent slope. Besides the assigns of the edifice bureaus in Ireland will be explored.Research and regularityological analysisThe source programs on do a comparing of the two building types in order to accomplish grounds for the displacement in tendency. The brief comparing instance surveies will include speak to, cut cover version, come alive and energy of two types of building.QuestionnairesQuestionnaires provided the primary seek for this thesis. The author shall make up one and give it out to relevant signholders and belongings developers to derive an perceptiveness into their defines. By making this the source will happen out the market potency of timberland vagabond building.Structure of DissertationChapter iThis chapter explains the rubric of the thesis, introduces the motives and gives a background for the grounds for taking this subject. The writer explains to the reader the purpose and aims of the thesis and how they ar traveling to be achieved.Chapter TwoThe literature reappraisal will look into in tendency in Irish building. Current building bureaus studies will be looked to seek and derive an penetration to the alteration in tendency. The writer feels that this will accomplish the first expostulation of this thesis.Chapter ThreeThis chapter will look into the two edifice options with respect to be, square up, heat and energy. This will be done by a figure of interviews and instance surveies. Areas looked at will be building cost and life bout cost. Besides will include a instance valuate of some(prenominal) types of building where U-Values and structure zipper Rating will be achieved and assessed to derive an penetration into why the tendency shifted. The writer feels that this will accomplish the 2nd expostulation of this thesis.Chapter FourThis chapter the sentiments and positions of kinfolkholders and belongings developers towards lumber throw building and masonry building ar explored by agenc ies of a questionnaire. The writer feels this will accomplish the 3rd expostulation of the thesis.Chapter FiveIn this at last chapter the decision provides a brief sum-up of the de barrierination of the predating chapters.Literature ReviewBackgroundOver 70 % of place in the developed universe be timber framing places. 60 % of Scots new home are timber frame and over all in the United Kingdom timber frame histories for 15 % of new places. Ireland is easy side by side(p) our neighbors. Over the last 10 twelvemonth Ireland had been sing a building roar. Housing units been completed in 2000 existence 49,812 units turning to 62,686 in 2003, top outing in 2006 with 82,980 unit completed. After 2006 the lodging market in Ireland started to fall, Numberss of units being built in 2007 being 71,356 go oning to fall in 2008 as 48,151 units and go oning to fall in 2009. ( Cardinal Statistics Office Ireland 2008 )Many lodging estates and flat blocks had been starting up in every metropolis, town and itsy-bitsy town hirerly more or little(prenominal) the computing machine belt around the capital metropolis of Ireland Dublin. Then easy the remainder of the state following. In 1992 lumber frame building history for merely 5 % of the new brooding market. Since so it has grown to tremendous degrees to account for 30 % of entire lodging building nationally ( Construction Industry Federation 2009 ) .Typical these edifice were constructed by masonry building, this consisted of a 300mm pit rampart with block inner foliage, insularity, pit and a brick/block outer foliage finished with a plaster render. Over the last 17 old ages timber frame building has shown steady growing. Timber frame building consists of an off site engineered edifice which arrives to site and the pieces are assembled to finish the unit. The external coating is likewise to masonry with brick or plaster rendered block. Some constancy experts predict that by 2012 it will account for 50 % of the new brood ing market. The lumber frame fabrication in Ireland has shown strength and resiliency, notwithstanding these hard economic times. When the upturn comes, timber frame building will be presented with legion chances. ( Maurice Buckley, CEO, NSAI National Standards self-confidence of Ireland. )Reasons for this occurrence?EnergyIn Ireland over the last figure of old ages at that place has been a bend in attitude sing the environment, which has in some deal out resulted in alterations been implemented by the building industry with respect to energy preservation. The chief subject that has come to the bow on an Irish domestic degree is the preservation of displace and energy ingestion. The building industry has been identified as a considerable portion of the national energy account. Attitudes of developers and householder are altering to environmentally friendly edifices. Due to this lumber frame building has seen a steady growing. Timber frame is renewable constructing option, fo r every tree cut galvanic pile two more are planted. The cost of turning the natural merchandise into a edifice hurtle is c erstwhileivably less than conventional rules. Timber is the lone sustainable renewable commercially feasible constructing stuff. The output signal of concrete green grievousss huge sums of Carbon Dioxide ( C02 ) , which has a negative impact on the environment and contributes signifi rout outtly to planetary heating. ( Irish Timber put together Manu particularuring Association 2009 )SpeedAs the building roar grow so did the take away for lodging and more signifi basistly fast lodging. One of the chief factors for this bend towards timber frame is facilitate of building. The frame of the edifice dope be erected in a figure of yearss which compared to typical masonry edifice is improbably alacritous. This is due to the lumber frame been constructed off site in a mill and delivered to site as a planned procedure of assembly. Masonry on the other manu s takes a figure of hebdomads to make detonating device degree where as lumber frame is erected in a figure of yearss. Even in moisture conditions march provoke still go on as a staging system is in topographic channelise around the foundation, where as blocks for masonry building can merely be laid in juiceless conditions. Besides with lumber frame building the edifice is stick out p crown practice much faster so internal plants can get down much quicker. Besides a caboodle of the slow clip for pipe fitters and linemans such as first indemnify is much easy done in a lumber frame house. Timber frame has 30 % shorter, more predictable building clip than brick and block ( UK Timber Frame Association 2009 ) .In masonry building the exercising of moisture trades in the descriptor causes excess clip needed for drying out. Because lumber frame is a dry signifier of building in that respect is no drying out clip which is a economy of a figure of hebdomads. Besides because of this on that point is less lightly a hazard of checking looking on protects and ceilings for shriveling which can happen in masonry often.CostThe cost of a lumber frame house is similar to masonry built. Unlike masonry, cost of a lumber frame phase can be fixed long in front the foundations are poured. This is due to most timber frame providers besides fix the construction. So a fix monetary value for a fixed solution. No rain yearss for wet trades or no extra costs. This ensures that the extra disbursals that spiral as a edifice advancement can be eliminated. ( Irish Timber Frame Manufacturing Association 2009 ) .The figure of individuals need to repair the construction is lower than a masonry variety, besides with respect to clip, clip is money so the faster the physique the cheaper for the developer and home-builder. Besides the manus over clip for a complete home is must faster so this will profit developer s hard money flow and profitableness. Due to the velocity of bui lding on site security cost or smashingly reduced.Flexibility of LayoutBecause timber frames internal walls being building out of light weigh divider walls the internal infinite of a lumber frame physique is really flexible. Any errors in layout of internal walls is easy rectified, where as masonry internal wall would be curiously more hard to rectify.Case StudiesIntroductionTo raise existent grounds for the tendency mover towards timber frame building and to acquire a accepted indicant of the cost difference in both timber frame and handed-down masonry domestic building the writer looked at two rallyinal countries, building costs and life rhythm costs. In congress to building costs the countries of preliminary costs works and equipment costs and site moil costs are looked at in great item.Construction CostssPreliminary CostssEvery building labour incurs preliminary costs. Preliminary costs are defined as, Costss which are straight involved with the overall completion of a building working class ( Roy Chudley 2002 )These costs include points such as site direction, insurance for the undertaking, drivers and secret agents. On larger sites where site cabins, offices, storage rooms, lavatories and canteens are required the costs incurred are besides referred to as preliminary costs.For each undertaking there is an allowance set aside for preliminary costs. However in recounting to timber frame building these costs are include in the overall lumber frame bundle. This is a bit of the pouch of the work required for lumber frame building being carried out off site, which in bend makes the budget costs a muddle cheaper than handed-down masonry. Derek Moore a manager with Timberline edifice contractors Ltd Dublin provinces, by pre-manufacturing the lumber frame off-site, houses are constructed more cost efficaciously . ( Pick a Pro 2009 )To endorse up this point the Irish Timber frame manufactures association provinces this method of building is non cheaper extraordinaryly if the builder has nt thought his patterns through but because mill fiction means much greater predictability, better controls and of class, a faster gait ( Irish Timber Frame Manufacturing Association 2009 ) .This is non the instance for its handed-down masonry opposite number as preliminary costs are required as a purloin budget, this is due to the fact that all of the work required for conventional masonry is carried out on site. A volume of the preliminary budget for the traditional masonry method includes hire of works and proviso for skips and concrete silos on site etc. Another factor to be taken into consideration is the clip period taken to build a lumber frame house, which is significantly lower than that of traditional masonry opposite number. Costss such as site supervising and the demand for applied scientists and the similar on site are greatly reduced.Plant and Equipment CostssPlant and equipment costs should be taken in to consideratio n when covering with building costs. Every undertaking requires certain types of equipment and works to maneuver out work to a decision. Harmonizing to Colm Kilroy a measure surveyor with Michael Higgins and associates in Galway, works and equipment costs are a major(ip) portion of all building undertakings, the use of such equipment is critical as a batch of money can be wasted due to bad direction and planning on site . He continued to state if works is required on site for a certain business organisation it is critical that the site is ready for that equipment as once it arrives on site it has to be paid for. ( Colm Kilroy 2009 )The conditions can besides plays a portion in works and equipment costs, inauspicious conditions conditions can take to a batch of equipment being left idle while the cost for holding it on the site is still being charged. Obviously the conditions conditions can non be controlled by the undertaking squad but in periods of forecasted inclement weathe r the ordination of works and stuffs should be avoided if possible.Site Labour CostssThis country of site labor costs greatly differs with both methods of building. A batch of the factors in relation to be for the lumber frame method of building are all inclusive of the over lumber frame bundle, the bulk of the work to be carried out by specialized labor is completed in the mill and one time the lumber frame unit leaves for the site their work is finished.This in bend reduces any call back costs, to complement this, the Irish lumber frame manufactures association provinces that, There are lower call back costs any chisels encountered can be eliminated instantly by the lumber frame specializers before go forthing the mill. ( Irish Timber Frame Manufacturing Association 2009 )The cost for the labor to rectify these jobs is still inclusive of the lumber frame bundle. handed-down masonry building is in comparing carried out otherwise with all the building work associated with traditi onal masonry been carried out on site and with each single trade necessitating labors to transport out the work.Cost Case StudyThe writer compiled a cost comparing from a building contractor s point of position for the development of a lumber frame and masonry domestic home. The house programs used to transport out this comparing were based on a individual house within a development of five similar houses, merely the major elements of the constructions were included in the pricing. for the comparing were obtained from Barry Doyle a measure surveyor with a Co Carlow company and prank O Connell a building contractor in Co Galway.The lumber frame house is more expensive to build than its masonry opposite number. There is a cost difference of about a9,000 between both methods to build a individual house taking the chief structural elements in to consideration. For the development consisting of five houses where this house is located the entire monetary value difference in the building of the five houses utilizing both methods of building can be up to a45,000 to a50,000. The undermentioned information shows the logical thinking screwing the monetary value differences for the of import elements of the building.Timber frame kitThis component looks to be really expensive but the bulk of stuffs needed to finish the lumber frame house including the labor needed for the building are included.Concrete grass foundationThe monetary value of the raft foundation differs as there is less steel required in the raft for the lumber frame house in comparing to the masonry built house, this leads to populate pelt for both the labor and stuffs.Block workThe difference in the monetary value of the block work is due to the interior foliage and the internal walls of the lumber frame house been constructed of lumber.RoofThe lumber frame kit incorporates a bulk of the roof in the over all bundle which leads is a monolithic monetary value difference from the cadence roof for the mas onry home.InsulationDue to the demand for more insularity in the lumber frame house there is a difference in monetary value over its masonry opposite number.SlabbingAs with the insularity due to the sum of timber stud internal dividers and timber interior foliage walls the lumber frame brooding requires more plaster board than the masonry method which increases both the sum of stuff and labor.PlasteringThe daubing component differs entirely because of the decreased measure of abrasion coat required in the lumber frame house.CarpentryThe monetary value difference in relation to woodworking is a consequence of a batch of the lumber work coming pre construct as portion of the lumber frame kit, an illustration being the doors coming pre hung with ironmongery fitted and architrave already attached.Main contractors ProfitThe chief contractors net income has been calculated on the standard per centum being 5 % .Life Cycle CostssIntroductionLife rhythm costs are unremarkably interpreted a s, The operating costs of edifices over the prognosis utile life attributed to them ( Bruceshaw 2009 )These costs include initial capital costs, business costs and operating costs. In relation to the edifice industry and in peculiar to the traditional masonry and lumber frame methods of building, life rhythm costs are indispensable in make up ones minding which is the overall cost effectual method of building is. In this chapter the writer discusses countries such as the running costs and other costs that are involved with both signifiers of building.Design Differences and ChangesFrom an aesthetic point of position lumber frame and traditional masonry constructed homes when constructed look really similar, nevertheless lumber frame houses, Let for more versatile designs than block built houses ( Pick a Pro 2009 )The inquiry is one time the house is constructed how easy is it to transport out alterations to the design. In relation to these changes Kingspan light speed province, D ue to the fact the interior foliage of your lumber frame house is constructed of solid wood and gypsum board, and non concrete blocks and plaster, extensions and changes by and large have significantly reduced impact on the bing edifice . ( Kingspan Century 2007 )To further this statement MBS Timber frame Ltd province, Because the within of a lumber frame house is made of wooden panels and gypsum board, changes and extensions will non affect the muss and solemn break of strike harding down solid block walls, and all the other tests and trials that accompany this type of work . ( MBC Timber Frame 2009 )Alternatively the block work internal foliage of a masonry house has differentiable advantages over is timber frame opposite number. Undertakings such as repairing a shelf or habilitate rail can be a slippery with the lumber frame method, There is no job making this in a masonry physique place as all the walls are capable of belongings shelves, drape tracks etc. it would be a si mple affair of boring the holes in the right topographic point and sleep togethering your shelf into topographic point ( Irish Concrete Federation 2009 ) .In comparing, with a lumber frame house, harmonizing to John Meehan a carpenter with a Co Galway Company, If you are put ining a new kitchen or telecasting unit, you may happen that there are no evidences in the wall where you need a repair. If in this state of affairs if your repair is put in topographic point without happening a he-man, the unit is certain to fall down under force per unit field of honor . ( David Treacy 2009 )Property Market and Selling ValueInfluencing factors in relation to domestic building include resale value and easiness of sale. The traditional masonry constructed procedure has built up a repute of been a right(a) marketer and a darling with the Irish populace, Galway auctioneer John Gilmore provinces, Block built houses are easier to sell as people by and large go for the sure method, a batch of pe ople asking about lumber frame houses are wary and are non easy convinced as to its benefits ( Liam Gordon 2009 ) .The position of an Irish lumber frame company is that, Auctioneers and estate agents are by and large of the sentiment that non merely is timber frame non an barricade in selling a place, but on the contrary, is going more and more a major merchandising point. The energy dexterity of lumber frame houses is going an progressively valued characteristic . ( Kingspan Century 2008 )To repeat this, For mortgage intents and insurance, most loaners and insurance companies rank lumber frame every bit with block work. Equally far as resale value is concerned, there appears to be no difference at all between the two systems. However some persons have their ain penchants, built up from their ain buzz off or things they have heard about either system . ( Homebuilding and Renovating Magazine 2005 )Runing CostssThe lumber frame method of domestic building brushs big nest bombar d over its traditional masonry opposite number. These nest eggs result from the lumber frame house holding an allowance for insularity on both the external and internal walls this differs well from the traditional masonry method where in most instances merely the external walls contain insularity. Because lumber frame constructions are highly good insulated and have less mass than more traditional signifiers of building, important nest eggs can be made in thaw costs . ( Homebuilding and Renovating Magazine 2005 )A taking Irish lumber frame company states, Savingss of between 30 % and 40 % on warming measures are reasonably typical . ( Devsan Timber Frame Homes 2009 )In relation to further nest eggs in the hereafter with lumber frame, It is estimated that the warming cost of a lumber frame place can be 30 % lower than that of a masonry home, and the rapid rise in energy costs these costs look set to increase . Sunday Business Post Newspaper 2007 )In decision the nest eggs to be m ade with the lumber frame method of domestic building in relation to warming and energy usage are extended over its masonry opposite number.Time of ConstructionIntroductionFrom a clip to build perspective the length of clip it takes to construct and complete both signifiers of building differs. The building of a traditional masonry home has a longer clip programme than its lumber frame opposite number. The chief factors add to the difference in building times include.Programme of plantsThe programme of plants for both methods has a clip difference of about s even so hebdomads from foundation phase to decorating and traveling in phase. Derek Moore of Timberline edifice contractors provinces, In footings of physique velocity, timber frame can present a important 30 % decrease on traditional building times, which affect hard currency flow and reduces local perturbation . ( Pick a Pro 2009 )The position of another Irish lumber frame provider is the building clip of both methods of bui lding is even larger depending on the edifice, Construction clip is cut by about 40 % as your lumber frame construction is erected on site within yearss depending on size and complexness of edifice . ( Clark stem 2008 )Building CoatingsDuring the phase whereby the lumber frame unit is erected the internal first repairing work can get down. This work can continue inside the house as the masonry tegument is being built, in comparing no internal work can get down on the masonry house while the block work component is being constructed. The long drying out period associated with traditional masonry building is besides a damage in comparing to the lumber frame method. Apart from the obvious labor economy, lumber frame does nt enquire any drying-out clip, unlike a standard masonry building, which needs up to 1,500 gallons of H2O to vaporize before it is dry . ( Sunday Tribune 2001 )To repeat this a prima Irish lumber frame provider provinces, Timber frame AIDSs internal coatings, all walls are consecutive and plumb, corners are square and true. With lumber frame there are less of the wet trades, gypsum board needs merely to be skimmed and pigment, cosmetic stuffs and floor coverings can be applied sooner to dried surfaces .( Castle Timber Frame Homes 2009 )Heat Loss in BuildingsIntroductionFor the intent of this thesis the writer compared the U Value of the external walls of both a lumber frame and masonry constructed home, the writer besides decided to obtain the Building Energy Rating ( BER ) for both methods of building so as to do an accurate comparing. Both the U Value computation and the Building Energy Rating are based on the house programs. With the expertness of Michael Sweeney of Sweeney Energy the U Value and BER computations were compiled and the consequences are as follows.U-Value CalculationA U-value is the term given to the step of heat loss through subdivisions of a edifice. It measures the rate that heat transmits through a constituent or c onstruction when there is a difference in air temperature at both sides. Uracil Valuess are evince in Watts per meter Kelvin which is the rate of heat transportation in Watts through 1m2 of the construction for one unit of temperature difference between the air on the two sides of the construction .( Roy Chudley 2002 )U-Value FootingsThe following are footings associated with the computation of the U-Value.Thermal Conductivity It is the step of a stuffs ability to convey heat and is convey as the energy flow in watts per square meter of surface country . ( Roy Chudley 2002 )Thermal Resistance This is symbolized by the missive R, as representative of a stuffs thermic opposition achieved by spliting its thickness in meters by its thermic conduction . ( Roy Chudley 2002 )Timber Frame U-Value CalculationThe above computations show that a traditional masonry external pit wall has a U-Value of 0.35 W/m2K in comparing to the lumber frame outer wall, which has a U-Value of 0.25 W/m2K. Th e drawings for this peculiar computation show that the lumber frame domestic building has a better U-Value than its masonry constructed opposite number.Building Energy Rating ( BER ) CalculationThe writer decided to compare the Building Energy Rating of both methods of building. To accomplish this the writer availed of the expertness of a qualified BAR assessor who calculated both BER values utilizing the same house programs as used for the U Value Calculations. For the intent of the reader the writer explains some of the footings associated in the Building energy evaluation process.Building Energy Rating FootingsThe process is based on ciphering the energy balance for a home, this is the energy required by the brooding plus any losingss, so less the energy additions this is follow to the energy delivered in to the home ( Cheveron Training 2009 )Delivered Energy, expressed as kWh/year. This corresponds to the energy ingestion that would usually look on the energy measures of the h ome for the false standardization tenancy and ending users considered.( Cheveron Training 2009 )Primary Energy, expressed as kWh/year. This includes delivered energy, plus an allowance for energy overhead incurred in pull outing, processing and transporting a burn down or other energy bearer to the home. For illustration, in the instance of electricity it takes history of coevals efficiency at power Stationss.( Cheveron Training 2009 )The consequences show that both timber frame and traditional masonry domestic building have an energy evaluation of B2 for this house. The B2 evaluation is acceptable for a edifice, which incorporates a natural airing design.The primary energy value for the lumber frame method of building is lower than it s masonry opposite number and indicates that the operating expense incurred in pull outing, processing and transporting of energy to the home is lower for lumber frame method.The comparing of the Co2 emanations consequences in the lumber frame met hod holding lower emanations end return and as antecedently discussed the lower the Co2 emanation the better it is for the environment.Finally the lumber frame method had a lower delivered energy evaluation. This shows that the energy ingestion on the energy measures of the home are once more lower than its masonry opposite number.Developers positions sing the alteration from masonry to timber frameTo accomplish a true indicant on the positions of the building industry in respect to both methods of building and why the tendency has moved towards timber frame it was necessary to obtain the positions of developers who really carry out the edifice works.As portion of the writer research, many building bureaus were contacted. Philip Mahoney of timber frame industries association was contacted and helped with the writer s inquiries.Philip Mahoney of the Timber Frame Manufacturing Association said when asked why the tendency has moved from masonry to timber frame. From a developers point of position velocity of building was really of import, because a lumber frame house can be up and roofed in a affair of yearss and ready for the follow on trades to travel in. for the developer this was a great advantage as they were in and out much quicker and hence turn hard currency over.Timber frame would hold besides have got popular with the ego physique sector because of the fact that a ) rather an instruction procedure was carried out by the association and its members, B ) the green card besides began to come into drama every bit good as lumber frame is seen as environmentally friendly which the industry has been advancing. Tom McHugh, Director of Kilcloghans Ltd Galway who have been outstanding traditional masonry builders for a figure of old ages said in respects to ease of build we are masonry builders and we build timber frame, we find that it is particularly simple to construct the lumber frame method he went on to state in relation to building costs timber frame i s every bit economical to construct as traditional masonry sing building costs in relation to the downswing in the building industry he stated yes the building cost for both methods had dropped but both methods still work out in and around the same monetary value . He besides stated that they found the chief advantages of lumber frame to be a dry signifier ofbuilding every bit good as the obvious advantages of velocity to construct and economical to run . From a merchandising point of position he found lumber frame, easier for the ground that they are more economical in footings of energy usage .Francis Geraghty Director of Frame to complete edifice contractors Co Galway stated in footings of easiness of building, the lumber frame method depends mostly on the type of house the client wants to construct every bit good as the quality of site readying before the lumber frame edifice reaches the site . He sees the chief advantages of the lumber frame method for him are the U-Valu es that can be achieved and besides the whole lumber frame construction is up and ready for internal work in a affair of yearss .Colm Kilroy a Quantity Surveyor with Michael Higgins and Associates Galway said from a cost of stuffs point of position certain stuffs have dropped in monetary value, but the existent bead in monetary value has come from the shopkeepers themselves more so for traditional masonry instead than the lumber frame method. With such competition for work cost of labor has decreased quickly . He went on to state, this bead in labor costs could be a key to the select of the populace in the coming old ages with traditional masonry acquiring so inexpensive to construct .John O Connell, a builder, based in Co. Galway stated that he sees the chief disadvantages of Timber Frame building as the inclement conditions conditions in this state, have people concerned that lumber may decompose over clip. Peoples besides feel more unafraid with bricks and howitzer .Sean O D onnell a chief with a edifice contractor in Co Galway who specialises with both signifiers of building sees the chief advantages of lumber frame over traditional masonry in relation to be to be less labour intensifier, less wastage of stuffs on site, and when lived in less cost in running . In relation to clip to build he said, less clip lost due to adverse conditions, you get to see the finished merchandise quicker and easier and timber frame leads to quicker installing of electrical wiring . Sing insularity he states, with a lumber frame house you are closer to the life country and so non heating the outside wall before making insularity value, it takes really small to heat up house and the quality of insularity is fundamental to better acoustic everyday presentation .Questionnaire ConsequencesIntroductionTo acquire a true and realistic position on both methods of domestic building the writer decided to obtain the positions of the occupants who live in lumber frame places. T o accomplish this, a questionnaire was compiled and distributed around the Galway country. A transcript of the questionnaire is included in the appendix at the terminal of the thesis and the consequences are as follows.As can be seen from the pie chart decidedly shows that 100 % of the surveyed occupants circuit board the lumber frame method of building to be cheaper to heat than its traditional masonry opposite number. The remarks received included, Traditional block was more expensive I used solid fuel scope with a back boiler and oil cardinal warming. It was necessary to hold heat invariably from back boiler toped up by oil, in comparing the oil warming in the lumber frame runs for 4 hours per xxiv hours from November until March to the downstairs radiators merely. We have 2 unfastened fires that we neer use as it would be also hot. Our oil measure is reduced by 2/3 and we do nt necessitate solid fuel .A farther remark stated, Timber frame is cheaper every bit non as cold dur ing the twenty-four hours so no demand for much heat during the winter months clearly shows that the occupants find their lumber frame homes to be warmer than the traditional masonry opposite number with 84 % happening it a batch bullet train and 14 % of occupants saying it to be somewhat warmershows how good people rate the acoustic public presentation of their lumber frame house in relation to external preventives. 55 % of the occupants find there to be no noise while 45 % of the occupants find there to be a small noise. One of the occupants stated, The lone noise to be heard is that of the rain H2O running to the gully .A farther occupant stated, External noises are non an issue, but my house is located on a spot of an wonderful site and on a really blowy twenty-four hours the air current can be an issue .Other illustrations of external noises to be heard included traffic from a nearby chief route and Canis familiariss barking, but no extra noises than would besides be heard in a traditional masonry home.shows what the occupant s ideas are on the acoustic public presentation of their homes in relation to upstair noise. 22 % of the occupants province that there is a batch of noise to be heard from floor to floor, a bulk of the noise is a consequence of hapless hold out insularity being used. One occupant stated, Floor sound proofing between floors is a job, we did non take this in to account during building .44 % of the occupant s province there is a small noise to be heard from upstairs with motion on floors and doors shuting being the chief subscribers. Finally 34 % of the occupants province there is no noise to be heard, a figure of them said that during building phase they had the builders put in excess sound proofing between floors, which acted most beneficially in cutting down the noise. Other occupants who found there to be no upstairs noise lived entirely and in a consequence had no upstairs motion while in the house.